超固体：它们是什么，在哪里？
Supersolids: what and where are they ?
摘要：
正在进行的旨在了解固体氦非经典转动惯量的实验和理论努力，引发了人们对物质超固相、其微观起源和特征及其实验检测的新兴趣。本次学术讨论会的目的是a）为超固体现象提供一个一般的理论框架，b）回顾固体氦-4的一些实验证据，并讨论其可能的解释，即扩展缺陷（如位错）的物理效应。我们提供定量支持，我们的理论方案，通过第一性原理数值模拟。我们还讨论了观察超固相的替代途径，不涉及氦，而是组装的超冷原子。
英文摘要：
The ongoing experimental and theoretical effort aimed at understanding non-classical rotational inertia in solid helium, has sparked renewed interest in the supersolid phase of matter, its microscopic origin and character, and its experimental detection. The purpose of this colloquium is a) to provide a general theoretical framework for the phenomenon of supersolidity and b) to review some of the experimental evidence for solid Helium-four, and discuss its possible interpretation in terms of physical effects underlain by extended defects (such as dislocations). We provide quantitative support to our theoretical scenarios by means of first principle numerical simulations. We also discuss alternate avenues for the observation of the supersolid phase, not involving helium but rather assemblies of ultracold atoms.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
