关于二次曲线的无切线集和外集
On sets without tangents and exterior sets of a conic
摘要:
在$\PG(2,q)$中,一个没有切线的集合是一个点S的集合,使得没有直线与S恰好在一个点上相交。圆锥曲线$\mathcal{C}$的外集是点$\E$的集合,使得$\E$的所有正割线都是$\mathcal{C}$的外线。在本文中,我们首先回顾了一些已知的例子集没有切线,并描述他们的仿射点集的确定方向。我们证明了在$\PG(2,5)$中无切线的最小集合是两种不同类型的(直到射影等价)。我们推广的非平凡类型给出一个明确的建设一套没有切线$\PG(2,q)$,$q=p^h$,$p>2$总理,大小$q(q-1)/2-r(q+1)/2$,所有$0\leq r\leq (q-5)/2$。在此基础上,利用二次曲线的外集对$\PG(2,5)$中的同一集合给出了不同的描述,并研究了如何将$\PG(2,q)$中二次曲线的外线$L$上的一组外点通过一个额外的点$Q$扩展到$\mathcal{C}$的一个更大的外集.结果表明,如果$q=3$ mod 4,则$Q$必须位于$L$上,而如果$q=1$ mod 4,则存在唯一点$Q$不在$L$上。
英文摘要:
A set without tangents in $\PG(2,q)$ is a set of points S such that no line meets S in exactly one point. An exterior set of a conic $\mathcal{C}$ is a set of points $\E$ such that all secant lines of $\E$ are external lines of $\mathcal{C}$. In this paper, we first recall some known examples of sets without tangents and describe them in terms of determined directions of an affine pointset. We show that the smallest sets without tangents in $\PG(2,5)$ are (up to projective equivalence) of two different types. We generalise the non-trivial type by giving an explicit construction of a set without tangents in $\PG(2,q)$, $q=p^h$, $p>2$ prime, of size $q(q-1)/2-r(q+1)/2$, for all $0\leq r\leq (q-5)/2$. After that, a different description of the same set in $\PG(2,5)$, using exterior sets of a conic, is given and we investigate in which ways a set of exterior points on an external line $L$ of a conic in $\PG(2,q)$ can be extended with an extra point $Q$ to a larger exterior set of $\mathcal{C}$. It turns out that if $q=3$ mod 4, $Q$ has to lie on $L$, whereas if $q=1$ mod 4, there is a unique point $Q$ not on $L$.
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