2004年6月8日transit期间金星中间层的太阳光折射
Sunlight refraction in the mesosphere of Venus during the transit on June 8th, 2004
摘要：
过去，许多观测者详细描述了金星在极其罕见的穿越太阳盘面时的望远镜方面。特别是，在入口和出口处，太阳光球层外的行星盘部分被反复感知为薄而明亮的弧形（“光环”）。这些历史上的视觉观测允许推断金星大气层的存在，明亮的弧形被正确地归因于致密大气层外层的光的折射。2004年6月8日，基于电子成像设备的快速测光首次对该现象进行了定量分析。几位观测者使用各种获取系统对这一事件进行成像-从业余到专业的望远镜和照相机-从而首次收集了关于这一大气现象的大量定量信息。本文在回顾历史资料的基础上，详细介绍了2004年凌日的地面观测资料。除了确认历史的描述，我们进行了第一次光度分析的光环使用各种采集系统。空间分辨的数据提供了作为沿边缘的行星中心纬度的函数的光环通量的测量。一个新的差分折射模型的太阳盘通过高层大气，使我们能够与可变测光的纬度依赖性的尺度高度与温度在南极地区，以及纬度变化的云顶层高度。我们将我们的测量结果与最近对金星快车VIRTIS-M，VMC和SPICAV/SOIR热场和气溶胶分布的分析进行了比较。我们的研究结果可以用于2012年过境事件期间新的，更优化的实验的起点。
英文摘要：
Many observers in the past gave detailed descriptions of the telescopic aspect of Venus during its extremely rare transits across the Solar disk. In particular, at the ingress and egress, the portion of the planet's disk outside the Solar photosphere has been repeatedly perceived as outlined by a thin, bright arc ("aureole"). Those historical visual observations allowed inferring the existence of Venus' atmosphere, the bright arc being correctly ascribed to the refraction of light by the outer layers of a dense atmosphere. On June 8th, 2004, fast photometry based on electronic imaging devices allowed the first quantitative analysis of the phenomenon. Several observers used a variety of acquisition systems to image the event -- ranging from amateur-sized to professional telescopes and cameras -- thus collecting for the first time a large amount of quantitative information on this atmospheric phenomenon. In this paper, after reviewing some elements brought by the historical records, we give a detailed report of the ground based observations of the 2004 transit. Besides confirming the historical descriptions, we perform the first photometric analysis of the aureole using various acquisition systems. The spatially resolved data provide measurements of the aureole flux as a function of the planetocentric latitude along the limb. A new differential refraction model of solar disk through the upper atmosphere allows us to relate the variable photometry to the latitudinal dependency of scale-height with temperature in the South polar region, as well as the latitudinal variation of the cloud-top layer altitude. We compare our measurements to recent analysis of the Venus Express VIRTIS-M, VMC and SPICAV/SOIR thermal field and aerosol distribution. Our results can be used a starting point for new, more optimized experiments during the 2012 transit event.
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