The classical Grothendieck inequality is viewed as a statement about representations of functions of two variables over discrete domains by integrals of two-fold products of functions of one variable. An analogous statement is proved, concerning continuous functions of two variables over general topological domains. The main result is a construction of a continuous map $Φ$ from $l^2(A)$ into $L^2(Ω_A, P_A)$, where $A$ is a set, $Ω_A = {-1,1}^A$, and $P_A$ is the uniform probability measure on $Ω_A$, such that
$$\sum_{α\in A} x(α) \bar{y}(α)} = \int_{Ω_A} Φ(x)Φ(\bar{y})dP_A, x \in l^2(A), y \in l^2(A),$$
and
$$ |Φ(x)|_{L^{\infty}} \leq K |x|_2, x \in l^2(A),$$
for an absolute constant $K > 1$. ($Φ$ is non-linear, and does not commute with complex conjugation.) The bilinear Parseval-like formula above is obtained by iterating the usual Parseval formula in a framework of harmonic analysis on dyadic groups. A modified construction implies a similar integral representation of the dual action between $l^p$ and $l^q$, \ $1/p + 1/q= 1$. Parseval-like formulas are derived in higher dimensions. These variants involve representations of functions of $n$ variables in terms of functions of $k$ variables, $0 < k < n$. Multilinear extensions of the Grothendieck inequality are obtained, and are used to characterize the feasibility of integral representations of multilinear functionals on a Hilbert space.
In 1955, A.~Grothendieck proved a basic inequality which shows that any bounded linear operator between $L^1(μ)$-spaces maps (Lebesgue-) dominated sequences to dominated sequences. An elementary proof of this inequality is obtained via a new decomposition principle for the lattice of measurable functions. An exposition is also given of the M.~Lévy extension theorem for operators defined on subspaces of $L^1(μ)$-spaces.
We present here several versions of the Grothendieck inequality over the skew field of quaternions: The first one is the standard Grothendieck inequality for rectangular matrices, and two additional inequalities for self-adjoint matrices, as introduced by the first and the last authors in a recent paper. We give several results on ``conic Grothendieck inequality'': as Nesterov $π/2$-Theorem, which corresponds to the cones of positive semidefinite matrices; the Goemans--Williamson inequality, which corresponds to the cones of weighted Laplacians; the diagonally dominant matrices. The most chall…
We present an elementary, self-contained proof of Grothendieck's inequality that unifies the real and complex cases and yields both the Krivine and Haagerup bounds, the current best-known explicit bounds for the real and complex Grothendieck constants respectively. This article is intended to be pedagogical, combining and streamlining known ideas of Lindenstrauss--Pełczyński, Krivine, and Haagerup into a proof that need only univariate calculus, basic complex variables, and a modicum of linear algebra as prerequisites.
As part of the search for the value of the smallest upper bound of the best constant for the famous Grothendieck inequality, the so-called Grothendieck constant (a hard open problem - unsolved since 1953), we provide a further approach, primarily built on functions which map correlation matrices entrywise to correlation matrices by means of the Schur product, multivariate Gaussian analysis, copulas and inversion of suitable Taylor series. We summarise first results and point towards related open problems and topics for future research.
We establish an analogue of the Grothendieck inequality where the rectangular matrix is replaced by a symmetric/Hermitian matrix and the bilinear form by a quadratic form. We call this the symmetric Grothendieck inequality; despite its name, it is a generalization -- the original Grothendieck inequality is a special case. While there are other proposals for such an inequality, ours differs in two important ways: (i) we have no additional requirement like positive semidefiniteness; (ii) our symmetric Grothendieck constant is universal, i.e., independent of the matrix and its dimensions. A conse…
Recently in symplectic geometry there arose an interest in bounding various functionals on spaces of matrices. It appears that Grothendieck's theorems about factorization are a useful tool for proving such bounds. In this note we present two such applications.
In the spirit of Grothendieck's famous inequality from the theory of Banach spaces, we study a sequence of inequalities for the noncommutative Schwartz space, a Fréchet algebra of smooth operators. These hold in non-optimal form by a simple nuclearity argument. We obtain optimal versions and reformulate the inequalities in several different ways.
Using free random varaibles we find an embedding of the operator space $OH$ in the predual of a von Neumann algebra. The properties of this embedding allow us to determined the projection constant of $OH_n$, i.e. there exists a projection $P:B(\ell_2)\to OH_n$ whose completely bounded norm behaves as n^{1/2}/(1+ln n)^{1/2}. According to recent results of Pisier/Shlyahtenko, the lower bound holds for every projection. Improving a previous estimate of order $(1+ ln n)$ of the author, Pisier/Shlyahtenko obtained a `logarithmic little Grothendieck inequality'. We find a second proof of this inequa…
We survey several significant results on the Bohr inequality and presented its generalizations in some new approaches. These are some Bohr type inequalities of Hilbert space operators related to the matrix order and the Jensen inequality. An eigenvalue extension of Bohr's inequality is discussed as well.
In this paper we firstly derive the weak elliptic Harnack inequality from the generalized capacity condition, the tail estimate of jump measure and the Poincaré inequality, for any regular Dirichlet form without killing part on a measure metric space, by using the lemma of growth and the John-Nirenberg inequality. We secondly show several equivalent characterizations of the weak elliptic Harnack inequality for any (not necessarily regular) Dirichlet form. We thirdly present some consequences of the weak elliptic Harnack inequality.
In this article, we give a short proof of Hardy's inequality for Hermite expansions of functions in the classical Hardy spaces $H^p({\mathbb R^n})$, by using an atomic decomposition of the Hardy spaces associated with the Hermite operators. When the space dimension is $1$, we obtain a new estimate of Hardy's inequality for Hermite expansions in $H^p({\mathbb R})$ for the range $0<p<1.$
Given a Banach space $X$, for $n\in \mathbb N$ and $p\in (1,\infty)$ we investigate the smallest constant $\mathfrak P\in (0,\infty)$ for which every $f_1,...,f_n:{-1,1}^n\to X$ satisfy \int_{{-1,1}^n}\Bigg|\sum_{j=1}^n \partial_jf_j(\varepsilon)\Bigg|^pdμ(\varepsilon) \leq \mathfrak{P}^p\int_{{-1,1}^n}\int_{{-1,1}^n}\Bigg\|\sum_{j=1}^n \d_jΔf_j(\varepsilon)\Bigg\|^pdμ(\varepsilon) dμ(δ), where $μ$ is the uniform probability measure on the discrete hypercube ${-1,1}^n$ and ${\partial_j}_{j=1}^n$ and $Δ=\sum_{j=1}^n\partial_j$ are the hypercube partial derivatives and the hypercube Laplacian, r…
We consider the problem of essential self-adjointness of the drift-diffusion operator $H=-\frac{1}ρ\nabla\cdot ρ\mathbb D\nabla +V$ on domains $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ with $\mathcal{C}^2$-boundary $\partial Ω$ and for large classes of coefficients $ρ,\; \mathbb{D}$ and $V$. We give criteria showing how the behavior as $x \rightarrow \partial Ω$ of these coefficients balances to ensure essential self-adjointness of $H$. On the way we prove a weak anisotropic Hardy inequality which is of independent interest.
We prove the operator space Grothendieck inequality for bilinear forms on subspaces of noncommutative $L_p$-spaces with $2<p<\infty$. One of our results states that given a map $u: E\to F^*$, where $E, F\subset L_p(M)$ ($2<p<\infty$, $M$ being a von Neumann algebra), $u$ is completely bounded iff $u$ factors through a direct sum of a $p$-column space and a $p$-row space. We also obtain several operator space versions of the classical little Grothendieck inequality for maps defined on a subspace of a noncommutative $L_p$-space ($2<p<\infty$) with values in a $q$-column space for every $q\in [p'…
Probably the most famous of Grothendieck's contributions to Banach space theory is the result that he himself described as "the fundamental theorem in the metric theory of tensor products". That is now commonly referred to as "Grothendieck's theorem" (GT in short), or sometimes as "Grothendieck's inequality". This had a major impact first in Banach space theory (roughly after 1968), then, later on, in $C^*$-algebra theory, (roughly after 1978). More recently, in this millennium, a new version of GT has been successfully developed in the framework of "operator spaces" or non-commutative Banach …
Grothendieck inequalities are fundamental inequalities which are frequently used in many areas of mathematics and computer science. They can be interpreted as upper bounds for the integrality gap between two optimization problems: a difficult semidefinite program with rank-1 constraint and its easy semidefinite relaxation where the rank constrained is dropped. For instance, the integrality gap of the Goemans-Williamson approximation algorithm for MAX CUT can be seen as a Grothendieck inequality. In this paper we consider Grothendieck inequalities for ranks greater than 1 and we give two applic…
Let $||X||_p=\text{Tr}[(X^\ast X)^{p/2}]^{1/p}$ denote the $p$-Schatten norm of a matrix $X\in M_{n\times n}(\mathbb{C})$, and $σ(X)$ the singular values with $\uparrow$ $\downarrow$ indicating its increasing or decreasing rearrangements. We wish to examine inequalities between $||A+B||_p^p+||A-B||_p^p$, $||σ_\downarrow(A)+σ_\downarrow(B)||_p^p+||σ_\downarrow(A)-σ_\downarrow(B)||_p^p$, and $||σ_\uparrow(A)+σ_\downarrow(B)||_p^p+||σ_\uparrow(A)-σ_\downarrow(B)||_p^p$ for various values of $1\leq p<\infty$. It was conjectured in [6] that a universal inequality $||σ_\downarrow(A)+σ_\downarrow(B)|…
In this article we consider a lattice system of unbounded continuos spins. Otto & Reznikoff used the two-scale approach to show that exponential decay of correlations yields a logarithmic Sobolev inequality (LSI) with uniform constant in the system size. We improve their statement by weakening the assumptions. For the proof a more detailed analysis based on two new ingredients is needed. The two new ingredients are a new basic covariance estimate and a uniform moment estimate. We additionally provide a comparison principle for covariances showing that the correlations for the conditioned Gibbs…
On certain classes of mild solutions of the scalar Liénard equation revisited
Thang Long Institute of Mathematics and Applied Sciences (TIMAS), Thang Long University（升龙大学应用数学与科学研究所）；Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Thuyloi University（水利大学计算机科学与工程系）；Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Phenikaa University（phenikaa大学基础科学系）；Department of Mathematics, Thang Long University（升龙大学数学系）
