Alexandr Grishkov, Michael Kinyon, Gabor Nagy
We prove that every finite, commutative automorphic loop is solvable. We also prove that every finite, automorphic 2-loop is solvable. The main idea of the proof is to associate a simple Lie algebra of characteristic 2 to a hypothetical finite simple commutative automorphic loop. The "crust of a thin sandwich" theorem of Zel'manov and Kostrikin leads to a contradiction.
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In this short paper, we survey the results on commutative automorphic loops and give a new construction method. Using this method, we present new classes of commutative automorphic loops of exponent 2 with trivial center.
A loop is automorphic if all its inner mappings are automorphisms. We construct the free commutative automorphic $2$-generated loop of nilpotency class $3$. It has dimension $8$ over the integers.
A loop is said to be automorphic if its inner mappings are automorphisms. For a prime $p$, denote by $\mathcal A_p$ the class of all $2$-generated commutative automorphic loops $Q$ possessing a central subloop $Z\cong \mathbb Z_p$ such that $Q/Z\cong\mathbb Z_p\times\mathbb Z_p$. Upon describing the free $2$-generated nilpotent class two commutative automorphic loop and the free $2$-generated nilpotent class two commutative automorphic $p$-loop $F_p$ in the variety of loops whose elements have order dividing $p^2$ and whose associators have order dividing $p$, we show that every loop of $\math…
A loop whose inner mappings are automorphisms is an \emph{automorphic loop} (or \emph{A-loop}). We characterize commutative (A-)loops with middle nucleus of index 2 and solve the isomorphism problem. Using this characterization and certain central extensions based on trilinear forms, we construct several classes of commutative A-loops of order a power of 2. We initiate the classification of commutative A-loops of small orders and also of order $p^3$, where $p$ is a prime.
There is a one-to-one correspondence between involutory latin quandles and uniquely $2$-divisible Bruck loops. Bruck loops of odd prime power order are centrally nilpotent. Using linear-algebraic approach to central extensions, we enumerate Bruck loops (and hence involutory latin quandles) of order $3^k$ for $k\le 5$, except for those loops that are central extensions of the cyclic group of order $3$ by the elementary abelian group of order $3^4$. Among the constructed loops there is a Bruck loop of order $3^5$ whose associated $Γ$-loop is not a commutative automorphic loop. We independently e…
An \emph{automorphic loop} (or \emph{A-loop}) is a loop whose inner mappings are automorphisms. Every element of a commutative A-loop generates a group, and $(xy)^{-1} = x^{-1}y^{-1}$ holds. Let $Q$ be a finite commutative A-loop and $p$ a prime. The loop $Q$ has order a power of $p$ if and only if every element of $Q$ has order a power of $p$. The loop $Q$ decomposes as a direct product of a loop of odd order and a loop of order a power of 2. If $Q$ is of odd order, it is solvable. If $A$ is a subloop of $Q$ then $|A|$ divides $|Q|$. If $p$ divides $|Q|$ then $Q$ contains an element of order …
Automorphic loops are loops in which all inner mappings are automorphisms. This variety of loops includes, for instance, groups and commutative Moufang loops. We study uniquely 2-divisible automorphic loops, particularly automorphic loops of odd order, from the point of view of the associated Bruck loops (motivated by Glauberman's work on uniquely 2-divisible Moufang loops) and the associated Lie rings (motivated by a construction of Wright). We prove that every automorphic loop $Q$ of odd order is solvable, contains an element of order $p$ for every prime $p$ dividing $|Q|$, and $|S|$ divides…
These notes accompany a series of three lectures on automorphic loops to be delivered by the author at Workshops Loops '15 (Ohrid, Macedonia, 2015). Automorphic loops are loops in which all inner mappings are automorphisms. The first paper on automorphic loops appeared in 1956 and there has been a surge of interest in the topic since 2010. The purpose of these notes is to introduce the methods used in the study of automorphic loops to a wider audience of researchers working in nonassociative mathematics. In the first lecture we establish basic properties of automorphic loops (flexibility, powe…
A loop is (right) automorphic if all its (right) inner mappings are automorphisms. Using the classification of primitive groups of small degrees, we show that there is no nonassociative simple commutative automorphic loop of order less than $2^{12}$, and no nonassociative simple automorphic loop of order less that 2500. We obtain examples of nonassociative simple right automorphic loops.
A loop is automorphic if its inner mappings are automorphisms. Using so-called associated operations, we show that every commutative automorphic loop of odd prime power order is centrally nilpotent. Starting with anisotropic planes in the vector space of $2\times 2$ matrices over the field of prime order $p$, we construct a family of automorphic loops of order $p^3$ with trivial center.
On Solvability of Automorphism Groups of Commutative Algebras
本文研究了交换代数自同构群的可解性，给出了新的充分条件以保证其可解性。
Given a uniquely 2-divisible group $G$, we study a commutative loop $(G,\circ)$ which arises as a result of a construction in \cite{baer}. We investigate some general properties and applications of $\circ$ and determine a necessary and sufficient condition on $G$ in order for $(G, \circ)$ to be Moufang. In \cite{greer14}, it is conjectured that $G$ is metabelian if and only if $(G, \circ)$ is an automorphic loop. We answer a portion of this conjecture in the affirmative: in particular, we show that if $G$ is a split metabelian group of odd order, then $(G, \circ)$ is automorphic.
Automorphic loops are loops in which all inner mappings are automorphisms. This variety of loops includes groups and commutative Moufang loops. A half-isomorphism $f : G \longrightarrow K$ between multiplicative systems $G$ and $K$ is a bijection from $G$ onto $K$ such that $f(ab)\in\{f(a)f(b), f(b)f(a)\}$ for any $a,b\in G$. A half-isomorphism is trivial when it is either an isomorphism or an anti-isomorphism. Consider the class of automorphic loops such that the equation $x\cdot(x\cdot y) = (y\cdot x)\cdot x $ is equivalent to $x\cdot y = y\cdot x$. Here we show that this class of loops incl…
A loop is automorphic if all its inner mappings are automorphisms. We construct a large family of automorphic loops as follows. Let $R$ be a commutative ring, $V$ an $R$-module, $E=\mathrm{End}_R(V)$ the ring of $R$-endomorphisms of $V$, and $W$ a subgroup of $(E,+)$ such that $ab=ba$ for every $a$, $b\in W$ and $1+a$ is invertible for every $a\in W$. Then $Q_{R,V}(W)$ defined on $W\times V$ by $(a,u)(b,v) = (a+b,u(1+b)+v(1-a))$ is an automorphic loop. A special case occurs when $R=k<K=V$ is a field extension and $W$ is a $k$-subspace of $K$ such that $k1\cap W = 0$, naturally embedded into $\…
Based on the recent development of commutator theory for loops, we provide both syntactic and semantic characterization of abelian normal subloops. We highlight the analogies between well known central extensions and central nilpotence on one hand, and abelian extensions and congruence solvability on the other hand. In particular, we show that a loop is congruence solvable (that is, an iterated abelian extension of commutative groups) if and only if it is not Boolean complete, reaffirming the connection between computational complexity and solvability. Finally, we briefly discuss relations bet…
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