Nowadays, e-government has emerged as a government policy to improve the quality and efficiency of public administrations. By exploiting the potential of new information and communication technologies, government agencies are providing a wide spectrum of online services. These services are composed of several web services that comply with well defined processes. One of the big challenges is the need to optimize the composition of the elementary web services. In this paper, we present a solution for optimizing the computation effort in web service composition. Our method is based on Graph Theory. We model the semantic relationship between the involved web services through a directed graph. Then, we compute all shortest paths using for the first time, an extended version of the Floyd-Warshall algorithm.
Vaal University of Technology（瓦尔理工大学）；North-West University（西北大学）
One of the key challenges in electronic government (e-government) is the development of systems that can be easily integrated and interoperated to provide seamless services delivery to citizens. In recent years, Semantic Web technologies based on ontology have emerged as promising solutions to the above engineering problems. However, current research practicing semantic development in e-government does not focus on the application of available methodologies and platforms for developing government domain ontologies. Furthermore, only a few of these researches provide detailed guidelines for dev…
Vaal University of Technology（瓦尔理工大学）；North-West University（西北大学）
Electronic government (e-government) has been one of the most active areas of ontology development during the past six years. In e-government, ontologies are being used to describe and specify e-government services (e-services) because they enable easy composition, matching, mapping and merging of various e-government services. More importantly, they also facilitate the semantic integration and interoperability of e-government services. However, it is still unclear in the current literature how an existing ontology building methodology can be applied to develop semantic ontology models in a go…
Number of web services available on Internet and its usage are increasing very fast. In many cases, one service is not enough to complete the business requirement; composition of web services is carried out. Autonomous composition of web services to achieve new functionality is generating considerable attention in semantic web domain. Development time and effort for new applications can be reduced with service composition. Various approaches to carry out automated composition of web services are discussed in literature. Web service composition using ontologies is one of the effective approache…
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Guwahati（古瓦哈提印度信息技术学院）；Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata（加尔各答印度统计研究所）
The semantic information regulates the expressiveness of a web service. State-of-the-art approaches in web services research have used the semantics of a web service for different purposes, mainly for service discovery, composition, execution etc. In this paper, our main focus is on semantic driven Quality of Service (QoS) aware service composition. Most of the contemporary approaches on service composition have used the semantic information to combine the services appropriately to generate the composition solution. However, in this paper, our intention is to use the semantic information to ex…
LIRE Laboratory（LIRE实验室）；Mentouri University of Constantine（君士坦丁门图里大学）
The process-based semantic composition of Web Services is gaining a considerable momentum as an approach for the effective integration of distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous applications. To compose Web Services semantically, we need an ontology. There are several ways of inserting semantics in Web Services. One of them consists of using description languages like OWL-S. In this paper, we introduce our work which consists in the proposition of a new model and the use of semantic matching technology for semantic and dynamic composition of ebXML business processes.
Distributed computing which uses Web services as fundamental elements, enables high-speed development of software applications through composing many interoperating, distributed, re-usable, and autonomous services. As a fundamental challenge for service developers, service composition must fulfil functional requirements and optimise Quality of Service (QoS) attributes, simultaneously. On the other hand, huge amounts of data have been created by advances in technologies, which may be exchanged between services. Data-intensive Web services are of great interest to implement data-intensive proces…
With an increasing number of web services, providing an end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee in responding to user queries is becoming an important concern. Multiple QoS parameters (e.g., response time, latency, throughput, reliability, availability, success rate) are associated with a service, thereby, service composition with a large number of candidate services is a challenging multi-objective optimization problem. In this paper, we study the multi-constrained multi-objective QoS aware web service composition problem and propose three different approaches to solve the same, one opt…
This paper gives a survey on the current state of Web Service Compositions and the difficulties and solutions to automated Web Service Compositions. This first gives a definition of Web Service Composition and the motivation and goal of it. It then explores into why we need automated Web Service Compositions and formally defines the domains. Techniques and solutions are proposed by the papers we surveyed to solve the current difficulty of automated Web Service Composition. Verification and future work is discussed at the end to further extend the topic.
Victoria University of Wellington（惠灵顿维多利亚大学）；Clausthal University of Technology（克劳斯塔尔工业大学）
Web services are basic functions of a software system to support the concept of service-oriented architecture. They are often composed together to provide added values, known as web service composition. Researchers often employ Evolutionary Computation techniques to efficiently construct composite services with near-optimized functional quality (i.e., Quality of Semantic Matchmaking) or non-functional quality (i.e., Quality of Service) or both due to the complexity of this problem. With a significant increase in service composition requests, many composition requests have similar input and out…
University of Corsica（科西嘉大学）；VERIMAG UMR 5104, J. Fourier University（VERIMAG实验室，傅立叶大学）
Web service composition is the process of synthesizing a new composite service using a set of available Web services in order to satisfy a client request that cannot be treated by any available Web services. The Web services space is a dynamic environment characterized by a huge number of elements. Furthermore, many Web services are offering similar functionalities. In this paper we propose a model for Web service composition designed to address the scale effect and the redundancy issue. The Web services space is represented by a two-layered network architecture. A concrete similarity network …
The idea of the Semantic Web is to annotate Web content and services with computer interpretable descriptions with the aim to automatize many tasks currently performed by human users. In the context of Web services, one of the most interesting tasks is their composition. In this paper we formalize this problem in the framework of a constructive description logic. In particular we propose a declarative service specification language and a calculus for service composition. We show by means of an example how this calculus can be used to define composed Web services and we discuss the problem of a…
School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学计算机科学学院）；SAP（思爱普公司）
Semantic Web technologies offer the prospect of significantly reducing the amount of effort required to integrate existing enterprise functionality in support of new composite processes; whether within a given organization or across multiple ones. A significant body of work in this area has aimed to fully automate this process, while assuming that all functionality has already been encapsulated in the form of semantic web services with rich and accurate annotations. In this article, we argue that this assumption is often unrealistic. Instead, we describe a mixed initiative framework for semant…
The tasks of semantic web service (discovery, selection, composition, and execution) are supposed to enable seamless interoperation between systems, whereby human intervention is kept at a minimum. In the field of Web service description research, the exploitation of descriptions of services through semantics is a better support for the life-cycle of Web services. The large number of developed ontologies, languages of representations, and integrated frameworks supporting the discovery, composition and invocation of services is a good indicator that research in the field of Semantic Web Service…
Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías da Información (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela（圣地亚哥-德孔波斯特拉大学信息技术研究中心（CiTIUS））；The Open University（开放大学）
In this paper we present a theoretical analysis of graph-based service composition in terms of its dependency with service discovery. Driven by this analysis we define a composition framework by means of integration with fine-grained I/O service discovery that enables the generation of a graph-based composition which contains the set of services that are semantically relevant for an input-output request. The proposed framework also includes an optimal composition search algorithm to extract the best composition from the graph minimising the length and the number of services, and different grap…
SAP Research（SAP研究院）；Fondazione Bruno Kessler（布鲁诺·凯斯勒基金会）
Thanks to recent advances, AI Planning has become the underlying technique for several applications. Figuring prominently among these is automated Web Service Composition (WSC) at the "capability" level, where services are described in terms of preconditions and effects over ontological concepts. A key issue in addressing WSC as planning is that ontologies are not only formal vocabularies; they also axiomatize the possible relationships between concepts. Such axioms correspond to what has been termed "integrity constraints" in the actions and change literature, and applying a web service is es…
School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington（惠灵顿维多利亚大学工程与计算机科学学院）；Department of Informatics, Clausthal University of Technology（克劳斯塔尔工业大学信息学系）
Comprehensive quality-aware automated semantic web service composition is an NP-hard problem, where service composition workflows are unknown, and comprehensive quality, i.e., Quality of services (QoS) and Quality of semantic matchmaking (QoSM) are simultaneously optimized. The objective of this problem is to find a solution with optimized or near-optimized overall QoS and QoSM within polynomial time over a service request. In this paper, we proposed novel memetic EDA-based approaches to tackle this problem. The proposed method investigates the effectiveness of several neighborhood structures …
Galatasaray University（加拉塔萨雷大学）；University of Corsica（科西嘉大学）
The number of publicly available Web services (WS) is continuously growing, and in parallel, we are witnessing a rapid development in semantic-related web technologies. The intersection of the semantic web and WS allows the development of semantic WS. In this work, we adopt a complex network perspective to perform a comparative analysis of the syntactic and semantic approaches used to describe WS. From a collection of publicly available WS descriptions, we extract syntactic and semantic WS interaction networks. We take advantage of tools from the complex network field to analyze them and deter…
Web Service Composition (WSC) is a particularly promising application of Web services, where multiple individual services with specific functionalities are composed to accomplish a more complex task, which must fulfil functional requirements and optimise Quality of Service (QoS) attributes, simultaneously. Additionally, large quantities of data, produced by technological advances, need to be exchanged between services. Data-intensive Web services, which manipulate and deal with those data, are of great interest to implement data-intensive processes, such as distributed Data-intensive Web Servi…
Centro de Investigación en Tecnoloxías da Información (CiTIUS)（信息技术研究中心（CiTIUS））；Universidade de Santiago de Compostela（圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉大学）
In this paper we present a hybrid approach for automatic composition of Web services that generates semantic input-output based compositions with optimal end-to-end QoS, minimizing the number of services of the resulting composition. The proposed approach has four main steps: 1) generation of the composition graph for a request; 2) computation of the optimal composition that minimizes a single objective QoS function; 3) multi-step optimizations to reduce the search space by identifying equivalent and dominated services; and 4) hybrid local-global search to extract the optimal QoS with the mini…
