确定光核反应中强子性质的实验方法
Experimental approaches for determining in-medium properties of hadrons from photo-nuclear reactions
摘要：
强子的性质及其在强相互作用物质中的修改提供了实验观测值和非微扰领域量子色动力学（QCD）之间的联系。讨论了各种观测量对介质中介子变化的敏感性。透明度比，比较每个核子内的介子产额相对于一个自由核子，与介子的介质宽度。虽然可以确定任何介子寿命的透明度比，但如果介子寿命很短，以至于在核反应中产生后在介质中衰变，则介子线形状仅包含关于介质中性质的信息。因此，光矢量介子特别适合于这些研究。光核反应中产生的介子动量分布以及激发函数对不同的介质内修改方案也表现出一定的敏感性。作为例子，给出了在MAMI-C上获得的关于ω介子光生的高统计数据。
英文摘要：
Properties of hadrons and their modification within strongly interacting matter provide a link between experimental observables and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) in the non-perturbative sector. The sensitivity of various observables to in-medium modifications of mesons is discussed. The transparency ratio, comparing the meson yield per nucleon within a nucleus relative to that on a free nucleon, is related to the in-medium width of the meson. While the transparency ratio can be determined for any meson lifetime the meson line shape only contains information on in-medium properties if the meson is so short-lived that it decays in the medium after production in a nuclear reaction. Light vector mesons are thus particularly suited for these investigations. The momentum distribution of mesons produced in a photo-nuclear reaction as well as the excitation function also show some sensitivity to different in-medium modification scenarios. As an example, high statistics data taken at MAMI-C on the photoproduction of ω mesons are presented.
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