We explore the recent OPERA experiment of superluminal neutrinos in the framework of Special Relativity with de Sitter space-time symmetry (dS-SR). According to Einstein a photon is treated as a massless particle in the framework of Special Relativity. In Special Relativity (SR) we have the universal parameter $c$, the photon velocity $c_{photon}$ and the phase velocity of a light wave in vacuum $c_{wave}=λν$. Due to the null experiments of Michelson-Morley we have $c=c_{wave}$. The parameter $c_{photon}$ is determined by the Noether charges corresponding to the space-time symmetries of SR. In Einstein's Special Relativity (E-SR) we have $c=c_{photon}$. In dS-SR, i.e. the Special Relativity with SO(4,1) de Sitter space-time symmetry, we have $c_{photon}>c$. In this paper, the OPERA datum are examined in the framework of dS-SR. We show that OPREA anomaly is in agreement with the prediction of dS-SR with $R\simeq 1.95\times 10^{12}l.y.$ Based on the $p$-$E$ relation of dS-SR, we also prove that the Cohen and Glashow's argument of possible superluminal neutrino's Cherenkov-like radiation is forbidden. We conclude that OPERA and ICARUS results are consistent and they are explained in the dS-SR framework.
The superluminal behaviors of neutrinos were reported by the OPERA collaboration recently. It was also noticed by Cohen and Glashow that, in standard quantum field theory, the superluminal neutrinos would lose their energy via the Cherenkov-like process rapidly. Finslerian special relativity may provide a framework to cooperate with the OPERA neutrino superluminality without Cherenkov-like process. We present clearly the symmetry, causal structure and superluminality in Finsler spacetime. The principle of relativity and the causal law are preserved. The energy and momentum are well defined and…
By relativity we show that, although the superluminal motion of classical particles is forbidden, the superluminal transportation of quanta of any massive matter field is possible. Exact theoretical derivation and precise numerical computation are presented. To search the superluminal phenomena is therefore still meaningful.
Within an axiomatic framework of kinematics, we prove that the existence of faster than light particles is logically independent of Einstein's special theory of relativity. Consequently, it is consistent with the kinematics of special relativity that there might be faster than light particles.
We develop an extension of special relativity in $1+3$ dimensional spacetime to account for superluminal inertial observers and show that such an extension rules out the conventional dynamics of mechanical point-like particles and forces one to use a field-theoretic framework. Therefore we show that field theory can be viewed as a direct consequence of extended special relativity.
First, we extend the special relativity into the superluminal case and put forward a superluminal theory of kinematics, in which we show that the temporal coordinate need exchanging with one of the spatial coordinates in a superluminal inertial frame, and that the coordinate transformations from any superluminal inertial frame to the rest frame (here rest just says in a relative sense) are the same as the Lorentz transformations from some normal inertial frame to the rest frame. Consequently, the causality can not be violated. Secondly, we investigate the superluminal theory of dynamics and fi…
So far, none of the known and confirmed experiments have cast any doubts on foundations of special relativity (SR) (see, e.g., experiments on superluminal quantum tunneling [1-3]). The same is true regarding the impact of quantum non-locality; as we know it today, in no way does it challenge SR [4, 5]. In this brief comment we argue that even if the superluminal neutrinos do exist, this fact by itself will not overturn Relativity.
The concept of group velocity of a particle should be consistent with its Hamilton-Jacobi velocity. This point is missed in the work of Cohen, Glashow, "{\it Pair Creation Constrains Superluminal Neutrino Propagation}" (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 107}, 181803 (2011)). It then leads to the conclusion of existence of Cherenkov-like radiation provided one sees superluminal neutrinos. We show that in the framework of Special Relativity with de Sitter space-time symmetry (dS-SR) the above Cohen-Glashow argument does not hold and the Cherenkov-like radiation is forbidden. Our result is consistent with th…
First, some superluminal phenomena and experiments are introduced briefly. Next, based on the basic principles of the special relativity, the Lorentz transformation (LT) with smaller velocity and the general Lorentz transformation (GLT) with larger velocity should be derived simultaneously by the classification of the timelike and the spacelike intervals. In deriving LT, an additional independent hypothesis has been used, thus the values of velocity are restricted absolutely, and the spacelike interval is excluded. LT and GLT are connected by the de Broglie relation. The fundamental properties…
During the years 2009 to 2011, neutrino beams were fired repeatedly from CERN towards a detector in Italy's Gran Sasso tunnel, some 4 deg south and 7 deg east of CERN, at a distance of 730.5 km, in the shape of short bunches of particles. Their time of flight (2.5 msec) was measured at high accuracy (nsec) with caesium clocks (Reich 2011). Remarkably, the CNGS team found a deficit of 61 nsec compared with propagation at the speed of light, and concluded at superluminal speeds, of order 10$^{-4.6}$. In this communication, I will argue that this is the first experiment to test Einstein's theory …
Modification of special theory of relativity is proposed to describe the propagation of signals with superluminal velocity. Modified kinematics and Lorentz transformations of Maxwell's equations are described. A possible experiment on measuring the speed of light for verification of the theory is discussed. It is shown that replacing the maximum speed in special theory of relativity by the neutrino superluminal velocity measured by the OPERA collaboration leads to lower value of the muon mass reconstructed from the muon decay products with the modified relativistic kinematics. This value is in…
Since some experiments have found superluminality, we assume that the particles in the universe are divided into three classes: the subluminal, luminal and superluminal particles by the speed of light, their energy-momenum relations are E2 = m2c4 + c2p2, E2 = c2p2, and E2 + m2c4 = c2p2, respectively. The Einstein's theory of relativity still holds and is consummated by the existence of superluminal particles, and the Lorentz symmetry of the spacetime is also not violated. There should have two sets of inertial reference systems: subluminal and superluminal reference systems. Two inertial refer…
In this work we consider a possible conceptual similarity between recent, amazing OPERA experiment of the superluminal propagation of neutrino and experiment of the gain-assisted superluminal light propagation realized about ten years ago. Last experiment refers on the propagation of the light, precisely laser pulse through a medium, precisely caesium atomic gas, with characteristic anomalous dispersion and corresponding negative group-velocity index with very large amplitude between two closely spaced gain lines (that is in some way similar to quantum theory of the ferromagnetism). It implies…
It says in the report$^1$ by Wang et al. that a negative group velocity $u=-c/310$ is obtained and that a pulse advancement shift 62-ns is measured. The authors claim that the negative group velocity is associated with superluminal light propagation and that the pulse advancement is not at odds with causality or special relativity. However, it is shown here that their conclusions above are not true. Furthermore, I give some suggestion concerning a re-definition of group-velocity and a new explanation in special relativity of causality.
Experiments done with single photon in the early 1990's produced a surprising result: that single photon pass through a photon tunnel barrier with a group velocity faster than the vacuum speed of light. Recently, a series of experiments revealed that electromagnetic wave was able to travel at a group velocity faster than $c$. These phenomena have been observed in dispersive media. We think all particles can be divided into three kinds in nature: The first kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $0\leq v < c$, e.g. electron, atom and so on. The second kind of particle is its velocity i…
As 2011 ended, two results stood out which seemed to go against twentieth century ideas. The first was the OPERA superluminal neutrino observation contradicting Special Relativity. The second was lack of a definitive appearance of the Higgs Boson. While both these hopefully will be decided by the end of 2012, we investigate a single mechanism that explains both these anomalies.
A review is presented of the fundamental equations of point, perfect incompressible fluid and wave dynamics in the Fantappie-Arcidiacono theory of projective relativity, also known as De Sitter relativity. Compared to the original works, some deductions have been simplified and the physical meaning of the equations has been analyzed in greater depth.
If textbook Lorentz invariance is actually a property of the equations describing a sector of matter above some critical distance scale, several sectors of matter with different critical speeds in vacuum can coexist and an absolute rest frame (the vacuum rest frame, possibly related to the local rest frame of the expanding Universe) may exist without contradicting the apparent Lorentz invariance felt by "ordinary" particles (particles with critical speed in vacuum equal to c , the speed of light). The real geometry of space-time will then be different from standard Lorentz invariance, and the …
The group-velocity of evanescent waves (in undersized waveguides, for instance) was theoretically predicted, and has been experimentally verified, to be Superluminal (v_g > c). By contrast, it is known that the precursor speed in vacuum cannot be larger than c. In this paper, by computer simulations based on Maxwell equations only, we show the existence of both phenomena. In other words, we verify the actual possibility of Superluminal group velocities, without violating the so-called (naive) Einstein causality. (Subject classes: General physics, Classical physics, Optics, Special Relativity; …
Some experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence, Vienna, Orsay, Rennes, etc., led to the claim that something seems to travel with a group velocity larger than the speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental results seem to point in the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet- type solutions to Maxwell equations have been found, both theoretically and experimentally, that travel with superluminal speed. [Even muonic and electronic neutrinos [it has been proposed] might be "tachyons", since their square mass appears to be negative]. With regard to the first-mention…
The OPERA collaboration reported evidence for muonic neutrinos travelling faster than light in vacuum. In this paper, an extended relativity theory is proposed. We think all particles can be divided into three kinds: The first kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $0\leq v < c$, e.g. electron, atom, molecule and so on ($c$ is light velocity, i.e., the limit velocity of the first kind of particle). The second kind of particle is its velocity in the range of $0\leq v < c_{m1}$, e.g. photon ($c_{m1}$ is the limit velocity of the second kind of particle). The third kind of particle is i…
Fantappié-Arcidiacono projective relativity, also known as "de Sitter relativity", provides a formulation of mechanics according to which it is possible to identify an inertial frame of reference by means of kinematic methods. This article presents the hypothesis that inertial frames of reference originated during the so-called "archaic era" of the Universe. A simple mechanism is proposed for this process. Such a process could leave behind cosmic fluid granulation, which could manifest itself in the present Universe as a clustering of dark matter in galaxies.
The formalism of Fantappie-Arcidiacono Projective General Relativity - also known as De Sitter Relativity - has recently been revised in order to make possible cosmological models with expansion, similarly to ordinary Fridman cosmology formulated within the context of General Relativity. In this article, several consequences of interest in the current cosmological debate are examined and discussed in a semiquantitative manner. Specifically: re-examination of the Supernova Project results using this new formalism, with a new estimate of the cosmological parameters; the ordinary matter to dark m…
I show the formulation of de Sitter Special Relativity (dS-SR) based on Dirac-Lu-Zou-Guo's discussions. dS-SR quantum mechanics is formulated, and the dS-SR Dirac equation for hydrogen is suggested. The equation in the earth-QSO framework reference is solved by means of the adiabatic approach. It's found that the fine-structure "constant" $α$ in dS-SR varies with time. By means of the $t-z$ relation of the $Λ$CDM model, $α$'s time-dependency becomes redshift $z$-dependent. The dS-SR's predictions of $Δα/α$ agree with data of spectra of 143 quasar absorption systems, the dS-space-time symmetry …
By a generalized bidirectional decomposition method, we obtain many new Superluminal localized solutions to the wave equation (for the electromagnetic case, in particular) which are suitable for arbitrary frequency bands; various of them being endowed with finite total energy. We construct, among the others, an infinite family of generalizations of the so-called "X-shaped" waves. [PACS nos.: 03.50.De; 41.20;Jb; 83.50.Vr; 62.30.+d; 43.60.+d; 91.30.Fn; 04.30.Nk; 42.25.Bs; 46.40.Cd; 52.35.Lv. Keywords: Wave equations; Wave propagation; Localized beams; Superluminal waves; Bidirectional decomposit…
In an earlier paper the author expounded an interferometer scheme to communicate classical data over an entangled quantum channel. We return to this concept to show that the laws of Quantum Mechanics are not violated and that the device is able to affect the statistical blend of the quantum states (and that this can be detected) but not the statistics - i.e. the physics of observables. The ideas of superluminal information transfer, discussed in the previous paper, are taken forward to develop a notion of absolute space, time and motion with relativistic effects ascribed to motion through an a…
A means and protocol is presented to send information on the Bell Channel to achieve the effect of superluminal signalling. The method is to use detection of a photon entangled state as one binary digit and either of the collapsed states as the complement digit - this is the protocol. The means to affect this detection is by use of an interferometer set-up able to resolve two interfering pathways corresponding to the two polarization states of the photon. To achieve interference of the horizontal and vertical components Faraday rotators are used to bring both components into diagonal polarizat…
It is shown that a generalized special theory of relativity (GSTR) with an arbitrary limiting velocity of a particle different or equal to the speed of light in vacuum can be constructed from the canonical equation of the 4-dimensional hyperboloid of revolution. In particular, when the limiting velocity equals the speed of light, the special theory of relativity (STR), which corresponds to the equation of the equilateral hyperboloid of revolution, is recovered. The generalized Lorentz transformations for any values of the speed limit for both the time-like and the spice-like regions in the coo…
It is now wellknown that Maxwell equations admit of wavelet-type solutions endowed with arbitrary group-velocities (0 < v_g < infinity). Some of them, which are rigidly moving and have been called localized solutions, attracted large attention. In particular, much work has been done with regard to the Superluminal localized solutions (SLS), the most interesting of which resulted to be the "X-shaped" ones. The SLSs have been actually produced in a number of experiments, always by suitable interference of ordinary-speed waves. In this note we show, by contrast, that even a Superluminal charge cr…
We aim to investigate the theory of Lorentz violation with an invariant minimum speed so-called Symmetrical Special Relativity (SSR) from the viewpoint of its metric. Thus we should explore the nature of SSR-metric in order to understand the origin of the conformal factor that appears in the metric by deforming Minkowski metric by means of an invariant minimum speed that breaks down Lorentz symmetry. So we are able to realize that there is a similarity between SSR and a new space with variable negative curvature ($-\infty<\mathcal R<0$) connected to a set of infinite cosmological constants ($0…
In a previous paper of ours [Phys. Rev. E64 (2001) 066603, e-print physics/0001039] we have shown localized (non-evanescent) solutions to Maxwell equations to exist, which propagate without distortion with Superluminal speed along normal-sized waveguides, and consist in trains of "X-shaped" beams. Those solutions possessed therefore infinite energy. In this note we show how to obtain, by contrast, finite-energy solutions, with the same localization and Superluminality properties. [PACS nos.: 41.20.Jb; 03.50.De; 03.30.+p; 84.40.Az; 42.82.Et. Keywords: Wave-guides; Localized solutions to Maxwell…
The Lagrangian equations of motion for massive spinning test particles (tops) moving on a gravitational background using General Relativity are presented. The paths followed by tops are nongeodesic. An exact solution for the motion of tops on a Schwarzschild background which allows for superluminal propagation of tops is studied. It is shown that the solution becomes relevant for particles with small masses, such as neutrinos. This general result is used to calculate the necessary condition to produce superluminal motion in part of the trajectory of a small mass particle in a weak gravitationa…
Recent experiments by OPERA with high energy neutrinos, as well as astrophysics observation data, may possibly prove violations of underlying principles of special relativity theory. This paper attempts to present an elementary modification of relativistic mechanics that is consistent both with the principles of mechanics and with Dirac's approach to derivation of relativistic quantum equations. Our proposed hyper-relativistic model is based on modified dispersion relations between energy and momentum of a particle. Predictions of the new theory significantly differ from the standard model, as…
It is proved that local Lorentz transformations for different systems cannot derive varying speed of light. Based on the special relativity principle, an invariant speed is necessarily obtained. Therefore, the exact basic principles of the special relativity should be redefined as: I. The special relativity principle, which derives necessarily an invariant speed. II. Suppose that the invariant speed in the theory is the speed of light in the vacuum c. If the second principle does not hold, for example, the superluminal motions exist, the theory will be still the extensive special relativity, i…
In a previous paper [Phys. Rev. E64 (2001) 066603; e-print physics/0001039], we showed that localized Superluminal solutions to the Maxwell equations exist, which propagate down (non-evanescence) regions of a metallic cylindrical waveguide. In this paper we construct analogous non-dispersive waves propagating along coaxial cables. Such new solutions, in general, consist in trains of (undistorted) Superluminal "X-shaped" pulses. Particular attention is paid to the construction of finite total energy solutions. Any results of this kind may find application in the other fields in which an essenti…
