超光速电荷产生的X形局部场
The X-shaped, localized field generated by a Superluminal electric charge
摘要：
众所周知，麦克斯韦方程组存在具有任意群速度（0 < v_g <无穷大）的小波型解。其中一些是刚性运动的，被称为局部化的解决方案，吸引了大量的关注。特别是关于超光速定域解（SLS）已经做了很多工作，其中最有趣的是“X形”解。实际上，在许多实验中已经产生了SLS，总是通过适当的常速波干涉。在本说明中，我们表明，相比之下，即使是超光速电荷也会产生X形电磁波。也就是说，在麦克斯韦方程组的基础上，我们能够计算与超光速电荷相关的场（在类点近似下）：结果构成了真正X波的一个非常简单的例子。[PACS编号：03.50. De; 03.30.+ p; 41.20;Jb; 04.30.Db.关键词：狭义相对论;麦克斯韦方程组;超光速波; X形波;定域光束;波传播;超光速电荷]。
英文摘要：
It is now wellknown that Maxwell equations admit of wavelet-type solutions endowed with arbitrary group-velocities (0 < v_g < infinity). Some of them, which are rigidly moving and have been called localized solutions, attracted large attention. In particular, much work has been done with regard to the Superluminal localized solutions (SLS), the most interesting of which resulted to be the "X-shaped" ones. The SLSs have been actually produced in a number of experiments, always by suitable interference of ordinary-speed waves. In this note we show, by contrast, that even a Superluminal charge creates an electromagnetic X-shaped wave. Namely, on the basis of Maxwell equations, we are able to evaluate the field associated with a Superluminal charge (under the approximation of pointlikeness): and it results to constitute a very simple example of true X-wave. [PACS nos.: 03.50.De; 03.30.+p; 41.20;Jb; 04.30.Db. Keywords: Special relativity; Maxwell equations; Superluminal waves; X-shaped waves; Localized beams; Wave propagation; Superluminal charges].
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