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arXiv 1111.3985astro-ph.SRnucl-th
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贫金属星的r过程与黑洞的形成

The r-Process in Metal Poor Stars and Black Hole Formation

Richard Boyd, Michael Famiano, Bradley Meyer, Yuko Motizuki, Toshitaka Kajino, Ian Roederer

摘要:

贫金属恒星中重核的核合成通常被认为是通过r-过程发生的,因为r-过程是银河系历史早期的主要过程。这一想法得到了以下事实的有力支持:在第二和第三个r过程丰度峰值之间的质量范围内,许多贫金属恒星的丰度模式与推断的太阳r过程丰度模式相匹配。然而,有相当数量的贫金属恒星并不具有这种标准的r过程模板。在这封信中,我们提出,在许多这样的恒星中观测到的核素是由r过程产生的,但是在质量较大的恒星中,由于在r过程完成之前坍缩成黑洞,从而产生了一个“截断的r过程”或“tr过程”,因此r过程无法完成。“我们发现,观察到的tr过程恒星的比例在质量上是人们从初始质量函数中所期望的,并且在质量160左右观察到的明显的急剧截断可能是由于黑洞的坍缩和观察更高质量稀土的困难的结合。我们测试的r-过程假设与r-过程计算终止之前,所有的r-过程轨迹已被弹出。当考虑到黑洞坍缩和观测的实际情况时,我们发现观测和理论之间有定性的一致。

英文摘要:

Nucleosynthesis of heavy nuclei in metal-poor stars is generally thought to occur via the r-process because the r-process is a primary process that would have operated early in the Galaxy's history. This idea is strongly supported by the fact that the abundance pattern in many metal-poor stars matches well the inferred Solar r-process abundance pattern in the mass range between the second and third r-process abundance peaks. Nevertheless, a significant number of metal-poor stars do not share this standard r-process template. In this Letter we suggest that the nuclides observed in many of these stars are produced by the r-process, but that it is prevented from running to completion in more massive stars by collapse to black holes before the r-process is completed, creating a "truncated r-process," or "tr-process." We find that the observed fraction of tr-process stars is qualitatively what one would expect from the initial mass function, and that an apparent sharp truncation observed at around mass 160 could result from a combination of collapses to black holes and the difficulty of observing the higher mass rare earths. We test the tr-process hypothesis with r-process calculations that are terminated before all r-process trajectories have been ejected. We find qualitative agreement between observation and theory when black hole collapse and observational realities are taken into account.

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