We investigate theoretically the cavity quantum electrodynamics of the cyclotron transition for Dirac fermions in graphene. We show that the ultrastrong coupling regime characterized by a vacuum Rabi frequency comparable or even larger than the transition frequency can be obtained for high enough filling factors of the graphene Landau levels. Important qualitative differences occur with respect to the corresponding physics of massive electrons in a semiconductor quantum well. In particular, an instability for the ground state analogous to the one occuring in the Dicke-model is predicted for increasing value of the electron density.
The Dicke model of cavity quantum electrodynamics is approximately realized in condensed matter when the cyclotron transition of a two-dimensional electron gas is nearly resonant with a cavity photon mode. We point out that in the strong coupling limit the Dicke model of cavity cyclotron resonance must be supplemented by a term that is quadratic in the cavity photon field and suppresses the model's transition to a super-radiant state. We develop the theory of graphene cavity cyclotron resonance and show that the quadratic term, which is absent in graphene's low-energy Dirac model Hamiltonian, …
The strong coupling regime is observed in a system of two-dimensional electrons whose cyclotron motion is coupled to an electro-magnetic mode in a Fabry-Perot cavity resonator. The Rabi splitting of eigenfrequencies of coupled motion is observed both in the cavity reflection spectrum and ac current of electrons, the latter probed by measuring their bolometric photoresponse. Despite the fact that similar observations of the Rabi splitting in many-particle systems have been described as a quantum-mechanical effect, we show that the observed splitting can be explained completely by a model based …
Systems in the dispersive regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) are approaching the limits of validity of the dispersive approximation. We present a model which takes into account nonlinear corrections to the dressing of the atom by the field. We find that in the presence of pure dephasing, photons populating the cavity act as a heat bath on the atom, inducing incoherent relaxation and excitation. These effects are shown to reduce the achievable signal-to-noise ratio in cavity QED realizations where the atom is measured indirectly through cavity transmission and in particular in circu…
We theoretically analyze measurements of the transient field leaving a cavity as a tool for studying non-Markovian dynamics in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Combined with a dynamical decoupling pulse sequence, transient spectroscopy can be used to recover spectral features that may be obscured in the stationary cavity transmission spectrum due to inhomogeneous broadening. The formalism introduced here can be leveraged to perform in situ noise spectroscopy, revealing a robust signature of quantum noise arising from non-commuting observables, a purely quantum effect.
A polarization degenerate microcavity containing charge-controlled quantum dots (QDs) enables equal coupling of all polarization degrees of freedom of light to the cavity QED system, which we explore through resonant laser spectroscopy. We first measure interference of the two fine-split neutral QD transitions and find very good agreement of this V-type three-level system with a coherent polarization dependent cavity QED model. We also study a charged QD that suffers from decoherence, and find also in this case that availability of the full polarization degrees of freedom is crucial to reveal …
Quantum simulation aims to simulate a quantum system using a controble laboratory system that underline the same mathematical model. Cavity QED lattice system is that prescribe system to simulate the relativistic quantum effect. We quantum simulate the Dirac fermion mode, Majorana fermion mode and Majorana-Weyl fermion mode and a crossover between them in cavity QED lattice. We also present the different analytical relations between the field operators for different mode excitations.
We present and analyze a method where parametric (two-photon) driving of a cavity is used to exponentially enhance the light-matter coupling in a generic cavity QED setup, with time-dependent control. Our method allows one to enhance weak-coupling systems, such that they enter the strong coupling regime (where the coupling exceeds dissipative rates) and even the ultra-strong coupling regime (where the coupling is comparable to the cavity frequency). As an example, we show how the scheme allows one to use a weak-coupling system to adiabatically prepare the highly entangled ground state of the u…
This chapter will primarily focus on the studies of quantum optics with semiconductor, epitaxially grown quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal cavities. We will start by giving brief introductions into photonic crystals and quantum dots, then proceed with the introduction to cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects, with a particular emphasis on the demonstration of these effects on the quantum dot-photonic crystal platform. Finally, we will focus on the applications of such cavity QED effects.
We discuss the simulation of non-perturbative cavity-QED effects using systems of trapped ions. Specifically, we address the implementation of extended Dicke models with both collective dipole-field and direct dipole-dipole interactions, which represent a minimal set of models for describing light-matter interactions in the ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling regime. We show that this approach can be used in state-of-the-art trapped ion setups to investigate excitation spectra or the transition between sub- and superradiant ground states, which are currently not accessible in any other physic…
By placing an atom into a cavity, the electromagnetic mode structure of the cavity is modified. In Cavity QED, one manifestation of this phenomenon is the appearance of a gauge-dependent diamagnetic term, known as the $A^2$ contribution. Although in atomic Cavity QED, the resulting modification in the eigenmodes is negligible, in recent superconducting circuit realizations, such corrections can be observable and may have qualitative implications. We revisit the canonical quantization procedure of a circuit QED system consisting of a single superconducting transmon qubit coupled to a multimode …
Using carefully designed hybrid metal-dielectric resonators, we study molecular optomechanics in the strong coupling regime ($g_{\rm }^2/ω_m {>} κ$), which manifests in anharmonic emission lines in the sideband-resolved region of the cavity-emitted spectrum ($κ{<}ω_m$). This nonlinear optomechanical strong coupling regime is enabled through a metal-dielectric cavity system that yields not only deep sub-wavelength plasmonic confinement, but also dielectric-like confinement times that are more than two orders of magnitude larger than those from typical localized plasmon modes. These hybrid metal…
Normal mode splitting is observed in a cavity QED system, in which nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals are coupled to whispering gallery modes in a silica microsphere. The composite nanocrystal-microsphere system takes advantage of the exceptional spin properties of nitrogen vacancy centers as well as the ultra high quality factor of silica microspheres. The observation of the normal mode splitting indicates that the dipole optical interaction between the relevant nitrogen vacancy center and whispering gallery mode has reached the strong coupling regime of cavity QED.
By exploiting the nonlinear nature of the Jaynes Cumming's interaction, one can get photon population trapping in cavity-QED arrays. However, the unavoidable dissipative effects in a realistic system would destroy the self-trapped state by continuous photon leakage. To circumvent this issue, we show that a careful engineering of drive, dissipation and Hamiltonian results in achieving indefinitely sustained self-trapping. We show that the intricate interplay between drive, dissipation, and light-matter interaction results in requiring an optimal window of drive strengths in order to achieve suc…
Heath-bath effects in the dynamics of atom + cavity system are studied. The temperature effects are explored using thermofield dynamics formalism. It is found that the dynamics of the system is sensitive to small changes in the temperature and the thermal effects lead to increasing instabilities by causing transitions from regular to chaotic motion.
We consider the model of a single optical cavity mode interacting with two-level systems (spins) driven by a linearly time-dependent field. When this field passes through values at which spin energy level splittings become comparable to spin coupling to the optical mode, a cascade of Landau-Zener (LZ) transitions leads to co-flips of spins in exchange for photons of the cavity. We derive exact transition probabilities between different diabatic states induced by such a sweep of the field.
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in photonic nanocavities provide monolithic, robust platforms for both quantum information processing and cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). An inherent feature of such solid-state cavity QED systems is the presence of electron-phonon interactions, which distinguishes these systems from conventional atomic cavity QED. Understanding the effects of electron-phonon interactions on these systems is indispensable for controlling and exploiting the rich physics that they exhibit. Here we investigate the effects of electron-phonon interactions on a QD-based cavity …
We investigate the effect of electron-phonon interactions on the coherence properties of single photons emitted from a semiconductor cavity QED system, i.e. a quantum dot embedded in an optical cavity. The degree of indistinguishability, governing the quantum mechanical interference between two single photons, is calculated as a function of important parameters describing the cavity QED system and the phonon reservoir, e.g. cavity quality factor, light-matter coupling strength, temperature and phonon lifetime. We show that non-Markovian effects play an important role in determining the coheren…
We investigate the power-dependent photoluminescence spectra from a strongly coupled quantum dot-cavity system using a quantum master equation technique that accounts for incoherent pumping, pure dephasing, and fermion or boson statistics. Analytical spectra at the one-photon correlation level and the numerically exact multi-photon spectra for fermions are presented. We compare to recent experiments on a quantum dot-micropiller cavity system and show that an excellent fit to the data can be obtained by varying only the incoherent pump rates in direct correspondence with the experiments. Our th…
We explore the physics of topological lattice models in c-QED architectures for arbitrary coupling strength, and the use of the cavity transmission as a topological marker. For this, we develop an approach combining the input-output formalism with an expansion in quantum fluctuations which allows to go beyond the small-coupling regime. We apply our formalism to a fermionic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain coupled to a single-mode cavity, and find that the cavity can indeed act as a quantum sensor for topological phases, where the initial state preparation plays a crutial role. Additionally, we…
