源-汇集合种群的过去、增长和持续性
Past, growth and persistence of source-sink metapopulations
摘要：
源-汇系统是指生境质量可变的斑块集合种群。它们可以被看作是图，其中顶点代表斑块，加权定向边给出从一个斑块扩散到另一个斑块的概率。我们考虑有限或源传递图，即，当从（NY）源观看时相同的图形。我们假设随机的，基于个体的，密度无关的繁殖和扩散。通过研究单个随机扩散子的路径，我们能够给出持久性的简单判据，或者是充分必要的，或者是刚好充分的。在持久性的情况下，我们描述的人口的增长率以及随机幸存者的上升线的渐近占用频率。我们的方法允许解耦的作用，繁殖和传播。最后，我们将我们的结果扩展到周期性或随机环境的情况下，其中一些栖息地可以有可变的增长率，在空间和可能的时间自相关。在整个手稿中，特别注意的是正则图的例子，其中每对相邻的源是由相同数量的相同的汇分开。在一个周期性和随机环境的情况下，我们还显示的例子中，所有的补丁是汇时禁止扩散，但集合种群生存的正概率存在的扩散，如先前已知的两个补丁的平均场模型与父独立的扩散。
英文摘要：
Source-sink systems are metapopulations of patches that can be of variable habitat quality. They can be seen as graphs, where vertices represent the patches, and the weighted oriented edges give the probability of dispersal from one patch to another. We consider either finite or source-transitive graphs, i.e., graphs that are identical when viewed from a(ny) source. We assume stochastic, individual-based, density-independent reproduction and dispersal. By studying the path of a single random disperser, we are able to display simple criteria for persistence, either necessary and sufficient, or just sufficient. In case of persistence, we characterize the growth rate of the population as well as the asymptotic occupancy frequencies of the line of ascent of a random survivor. Our method allows to decouple the roles of reproduction and dispersal. Finally, we extend our results to the case of periodic or random environments, where some habitats can have variable growth rates, autocorrelated in space and possibly in time. In the whole manuscript, special attention is given to the example of regular graphs where each pair of adjacent sources is separated by the same number of identical sinks. In the case of a periodic and random environment, we also display examples where all patches are sinks when forbidding dispersal but the metapopulation survives with positive probability in the presence of dispersal, as previously known for a two-patch mean-field model with parent-independent dispersal.
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