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arXiv 1111.2026quant-ph
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量子到经典随机抽取器

Quantum to Classical Randomness Extractors

Mario Berta, Omar Fawzi, Stephanie Wehner

摘要:

随机性提取的目标是从弱随机性源中提取(几乎)完美的随机性。当源产生经典弦X时,许多提取器构造是已知的。然而,当考虑物理随机性源时,X本身最终是对底层量子系统的测量结果。因此,当描述一个源提供随机性的能力时,我们自然会问,我们可以从量子系统中提取多少经典随机性。为了解决这个问题,我们在这里采取的量子到经典随机性提取器(QC提取器)的研究。我们提供了基于一整套相互无偏基(MUB)和某些单量子位测量的QC提取器的构造。作为第一个应用程序,我们表明,任何QC-提取器引起熵的不确定性关系的量子边信息。这种关系以前只知道两个测量。作为第二个应用,我们解决了噪声存储模型中的中心开放问题[Wehner et al.,PRL 100,220502(2008)]通过将安全性链接到对手的存储设备的量子容量。

英文摘要:

The goal of randomness extraction is to distill (almost) perfect randomness from a weak source of randomness. When the source yields a classical string X, many extractor constructions are known. Yet, when considering a physical randomness source, X is itself ultimately the result of a measurement on an underlying quantum system. When characterizing the power of a source to supply randomness it is hence a natural question to ask, how much classical randomness we can extract from a quantum system. To tackle this question we here take on the study of quantum-to-classical randomness extractors (QC-extractors). We provide constructions of QC-extractors based on measurements in a full set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs), and certain single qubit measurements. As the first application, we show that any QC-extractor gives rise to entropic uncertainty relations with respect to quantum side information. Such relations were previously only known for two measurements. As the second application, we resolve the central open question in the noisy-storage model [Wehner et al., PRL 100, 220502 (2008)] by linking security to the quantum capacity of the adversary's storage device.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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