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arXiv 1111.1277quant-ph
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经典和量子维度的实验设备无关测试

Experimental Device-independent Tests of Classical and Quantum Dimensions

Johan Ahrens, Piotr Badziag, Adan Cabello, Mohamed Bourennane

备注：
See also similar, independent and jointly submitted work of M. Hendrych et al., quant-ph/1111.1208"
发表信息：
Nature Physics 8, (2012) 592
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摘要：

任何通信和计算任务的基本资源是可以传输和处理的信息量。在经典系统中编码的信息受到系统的维度d_c的限制，即，可区分状态的数量。一个具有d_c=2^n个经典态的系统可以携带n比特的经典信息。在量子系统中编码的信息受到系统的希尔伯特空间的维度d_q的限制，即，完全可区分的量子态的数量。具有d_q=2^n个完全可区分的量子态的系统可以携带n个量子比特的量子信息。更高维度的物理系统可以实现更有效和强大的信息处理协议。维数是量子密码学和随机数生成的基础，其中许多方案的安全性关键取决于系统的维数。从基本的角度来看，维度可以用来量化关联的非经典性，因为对维度为d_q的量子系统产生的关联的经典模拟可能需要维度为d_c >> d_q的经典系统。由于所有这些原因，信息论中的一个基本问题是评估“设备无关”场景中物理系统的（经典或量子）维度，即，而不参考系统的规格，这可能是在一个不诚实的供应商，窃听者或破坏者的控制。在这方面的贡献，我们报告的实验实现这一目标的系统发出的黑盒子。我们的研究结果表明，在实验中使用的尺寸证人可能成为一个强大的工具，测试系统提供的不可靠的来源。

英文摘要：

A fundamental resource in any communication and computation task is the amount of information that can be transmitted and processed. Information encoded in a classical system is limited by the dimension d_c of the system, i.e., the number of distinguishable states. A system with d_c=2^n classical states can carry n bits of classical information. Information encoded in a quantum system is limited by the dimension d_q of the Hilbert space of the system, i.e., the number of perfectly distinguishable quantum states. A system with d_q=2^n perfectly distinguishable quantum states can carry n qubits of quantum information. Physical systems of higher dimensions may enable more efficient and powerful information processing protocols. The dimension is fundamental in quantum cryptography and random number generation, where the security of many schemes crucially relies on the system's dimension. From a fundamental perspective, the dimension can be used to quantify the non-classicality of correlations, since classical simulation of correlations produced by a quantum system of dimension d_q may require a classical system of dimension d_c >> d_q. For all these reasons, a fundamental problem in information theory is to assess the (classical or quantum) dimension of a physical system in a "device-independent" scenario, i.e., without referring to the system's specifications, which may be under control of a dishonest supplier, eavesdropper or saboteur. In this contribution we report experiments realizing this goal for systems emitted by a black box. Our results indicate that dimension witnesses utilized in the experiments may become a powerful tool for testing systems provided by unreliable sources.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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