几乎设备无关的GME态认证与最小测量
Almost device-independent certification of GME states with minimal measurements
AI总结：
本文提出了一种几乎设备无关的GME态认证方法，通过最小测量次数和引导不等式，实现了对多体纠缠态的认证，并扩展到设备无关自测试。
摘要：
设备无关的量子态认证能够基于最小的物理假设对设备内的状态进行表征。在这方面的主要问题是如何使用最少的资源来认证量子态。为了应对这一问题，我们考虑了一个涉及任意数量参与者的多体量子引导场景，其中只有一个参与者是可信的，意味着该参与者进行的测量是已知的。因此，自测试方案几乎是设备无关的。重要的是，所有参与者只能进行两次测量，这是观察任何形式量子非局域性的最小测量次数。然后，我们提出了引导不等式，这些不等式被三种主要的真正多体纠缠（GME）态类最大违反：任意局部维度的图态、任意局部维度的Schmidt态以及N个量子的广义W态。利用所提出的不等式，我们则提供了上述GME态的几乎设备无关认证。限制到量子比特，我们还将我们的几乎设备无关方案提升到设备无关自测试。
英文摘要：
Device-independent certification of quantum states enables the characterization of states within a device under minimal physical assumptions. A major problem in this regard is to certify quantum states using minimal resources. Aiming to address this problem, we consider a multipartite quantum steering scenario involving an arbitrary number of parties, of which only one is trusted, meaning that the measurements performed by this party are known. Consequently, the self-testing scheme is almost device-independent. Importantly, all the parties can only perform two measurements each, which is the minimal number of measurements required to observe any form of quantum nonlocality. Then, we propose steering inequalities that are maximally violated by three major classes of genuinely multipartite entangled (GME) states: graph states of arbitrary local dimension, Schmidt states of arbitrary local dimension, and $N$-qubit generalized W states. Using the proposed inequalities, we then provide an almost device-independent certification of the above GME states. Restricting to qubits, we also lift our almost device-independent scheme to device-independent self-testing.
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