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arXiv 1111.1188astro-ph.HE
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缺失的一环:M31中的低质量X射线双星被视为超亮X射线源

The missing link: a low mass X-ray binary in M31 seen as an ultraluminous X-ray source

Matthew J. Middleton, Andrew D. Sutton, Timothy P. Roberts, Floyd E. Jackson, Chris Done

摘要:

钱德拉最近在M31中发现了一个新的瞬变超亮X射线源(ULX),其亮度约为5 x 10^39 erg/s。在这里,我们分析了一系列的五个随后的XMM-牛顿观测。X射线亮度在1.5个月内的稳定下降给出了一个观测到的约40天的e倍时间尺度;类似于我们银河系中软X射线瞬变的衰变时间尺度。这支持解释这个ULX作为一个恒星质量的黑洞在低质量的X射线二进制(LMXB),吸积在超爱丁顿率。这是进一步支持缺乏检测的O/B星在宁静和XMM-牛顿光谱数据被占主导地位的盘状组件,而不是幂律预期从一个亚爱丁顿中等质量黑洞。这些数据给出了有史以来最好的序列的高爱丁顿馏分光谱组装由于低吸收柱M31和良好校准的带通下降到0.3千电子伏的XMM-牛顿的组合。光谱可以粗略地描述我们目前最好的盘模型,BHSPEC,假设一个10 M的太阳黑洞的最佳拟合自旋~0.4。然而,数据更好地描述了一个两个组件的模型,其中光盘排放显着影响平流,并在高能量的附加低温Comptonisation组件。这可能只是表明目前的光盘模型的局限性,虽然能量依赖的变化也弱支持的数据的两个组件的解释。不管光谱特性的详细解释,这些数据支持存在的吸积到恒星质量的黑洞在LMXB吸积在爱丁顿制度。这使得这个物体,并通过扩展,类似的低光度ULX,“标准”的X射线二进制明确的连接。

英文摘要:

A new, transient ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) was recently discovered by Chandra in M31 with a luminosity at ~ 5 x 10^39 erg/s. Here we analyse a series of five subsequent XMM-Newton observations. The steady decline in X-ray luminosity over 1.5 months gives an observed e-fold timescale of ~40 days; similar to the decay timescales seen in soft X-ray transients in our own Galaxy. This supports the interpretation of this ULX as a stellar mass black hole in a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB), accreting at super Eddington rates. This is further supported by the lack of detection of an O/B star in quiescence and the XMM-Newton spectral data being dominated by a disc-like component rather than the power-law expected from a sub-Eddington intermediate-mass black hole. These data give the best sequence of high Eddington fraction spectra ever assembled due to the combination of low absorption column to M31 and well calibrated bandpass down to 0.3 keV of XMM-Newton. The spectra can be roughly described by our best current disc model, BHSPEC, assuming a 10 M_solar black hole with best fit spin of ~0.4. However, the data are better described by a two component model, where the disc emission is significantly affected by advection, and with an additional low temperature Comptonisation component at high energies. This could simply indicate the limitations of current disc models, though the energy-dependent variability also weakly supports a two component interpretation of the data. Irrespective of the detailed interpretation of the spectral properties, these data support the presence of accretion onto a stellar mass black hole in a LMXB accreting in the Eddington-regime. This allows an unambiguous connection of this object, and, by extension, similar low luminosity ULXs, to `standard' X-ray binaries.

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