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arXiv 1110.3166astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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尘埃对SN 2004 et光学和红外演化的影响

The effects of dust on the optical and infrared evolution of SN 2004et

J. Fabbri, M. Otsuka, M. J. Barlow, Joseph S. Gallagher, R. Wesson, B. E. K. Sugerman, Geoffrey C. Clayton, M. Meixner, J. E. Andrews, D. L. Welch, B. Ercolano

摘要:

本文分析了II-P型超新星SN 2004 et的多历元观测结果。SN 2004 et的新的和存档的光学光谱被用来研究第259和646天之间的H α和[O I] 6300 A线轮廓的演变。2004年至2010年期间进行了中红外成像。我们包括斯皮策“温暖”的任务测光在3.6和4.5微米获得的第1779天,1931年和2151年,随着地面和HST的光学和近红外观测之间获得的第79天和1803年。多波长光变曲线,以及光学红外光谱能量分布(SED)的多个时代。从大约300天开始,光学光变曲线提供了证据,表明新形成的尘埃导致星周消光量增加,到690天,V波段的消光量达到0.8-1.5等。整体SED与多个黑体组件相匹配,以研究超新星的光度演化,然后与蒙特卡罗辐射转移模型使用平滑或clusional尘埃分布,以估计有多少新的尘埃凝聚在喷出物中。直到大约第690天,光度的演变与喷出物中56 Co的衰变一致,之后需要额外的发射源,这与Kotak等人(2009)的发现一致。由20%的无定形碳和80%的硅酸盐组成的团块状尘埃密度分布能够与观测到的光学和红外SED相匹配,尘埃质量从第300天的8 × 10 ^{-5} Msun增加到第690天的1.5 × 10 ^{-3} Msun,仍然明显低于核心坍缩超新星对星系尘埃富集做出重大贡献所需的值。

英文摘要:

We present an analysis of multi-epoch observations of the Type II-P supernova SN 2004et. New and archival optical spectra of SN 2004et are used to study the evolution of the Halpha and [O I] 6300A line profiles between days 259 and 646. Mid-infrared imaging was carried out between 2004 to 2010. We include Spitzer `warm' mission photometry at 3.6 and 4.5um obtained on days 1779, 1931 and 2151, along with ground-based and HST optical and near-infrared observations obtained between days 79 and 1803. Multi-wavelength light curves are presented, as well as optical-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for multiple epochs. Starting from about day 300, the optical light curves provide evidence for an increasing amount of circumstellar extinction attributable to newly formed dust, with the additional extinction reaching 0.8-1.5 magnitudes in the V-band by day 690. The overall SEDs were fitted with multiple blackbody components, in order to investigate the luminosity evolution of the supernova, and then with Monte Carlo radiative transfer models using smooth or clumpy dust distributions, in order to estimate how much new dust condensed in the ejecta. The luminosity evolution was consistent with the decay of 56Co in the ejecta up until about day 690, after which an additional emission source is required, in agreement with the findings of Kotak et al. (2009). Clumped dust density distributions consisting of 20% amorphous carbons and 80% silicates by mass were able to match the observed optical and infrared SEDs, with dust masses that increased from 8x10^{-5} Msun on day 300 to 1.5x10^{-3} Msun on day 690, still significantly lower than the values needed for core collapse supernovae to make a significant contribution to the dust enrichment of galaxies.

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