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arXiv 1109.6296hep-phhep-exhep-th
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中微子超光速传播的可能性

On the Possibility of Superluminal Neutrino Propagation

Jean Alexandre, John Ellis, Nick E. Mavromatos

摘要:

根据超新星SN 1987 a和引力切伦科夫辐射的唯象约束,我们分析了OPERA数据所表明的中微子超光速传播Δ v =(v-c)/c > 0的可能性。我们认为SN 1987 a的数据排除了N \le 2的Δ v ~(E_v/M_N)^N,特别是排除了用“常规”快子中微子来解释洛伦兹不变量。我们提出了两个玩具洛伦兹破坏理论模型,一个是Lifshitz型费米子模型,其超光度与能量成平方关系,另一个是无质量阿贝尔规范理论的洛伦兹破坏修正,其轴矢量耦合到费米子。在适当的背景场存在下,费米子可以在超光或亚光中传播,这与能量和方向相反。使用SN 1987 a来验证OPERA将需要此背景字段取决于位置。

英文摘要:

We analyze the possibility of superluminal neutrino propagation delta v = (v - c)/c > 0 as indicated by OPERA data, in view of previous phenomenological constraints from supernova SN1987a and gravitational Cerenkov radiation. We argue that the SN1987a data rule out delta v ~ (E_ν/M_N)^N for N \le 2 and exclude, in particular, a Lorentz-invariant interpretation in terms of a 'conventional' tachyonic neutrino. We present two toy Lorentz-violating theoretical models, one a Lifshitz-type fermion model with superluminality depending quadratically on energy, and the other a Lorentz-violating modification of a massless Abelian gauge theory with axial-vector couplings to fermions. In the presence of an appropriate background field, fermions may propagate superluminally or subluminally, depending inversely on energy, and on direction. Reconciling OPERA with SN1987a would require this background field to depend on location.

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