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arXiv 1109.4891astro-ph.CO
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ART ^2:耦合莱曼α线和多波长连续辐射转移

ART^2 : Coupling Lyman-alpha Line and Multi-wavelength Continuum Radiative Transfer

Hidenobu Yajima, Yuexing Li, Qirong Zhu, Tom Abel

摘要:

窄带Lya线和宽带连续谱在近年来高红移星系的发现中发挥了重要作用。因此,在星系形成和演化的背景下,研究Lya和连续光子的辐射转移对于理解遥远星系的性质至关重要。本文提出了一个耦合Lya线和多波长连续谱的三维Monte Carlo辐射传输程序--具有自适应细化树的全波长辐射转移(ART ^2),用于研究星系和星际介质的全色性质。该代码基于Li等人的原始版本,具有三个基本模块:从X射线到无线电的连续发射,来自复合和碰撞激发的Lya发射,以及中性氢的电离。这三个模块的耦合,再加上自适应细化网格,使一个自我一致的和准确的计算的Lya属性。作为一个例子,我们将ART ^2应用于一个包括恒星形成和黑洞生长的宇宙学模拟,并详细研究了一个红移z=3.1 - 10.2的大质量星系样本。我们发现,这些星系是Lya发射体(LAEs),其Lya发射跟踪致密气体区,其Lya线显示出气体流入的形状特征。此外,Lya的性质,包括光子逃逸分数,出射光度和等效宽度,随时间和环境而变化。我们的研究结果表明LAEs随红移而演化,早期LAEs(如在z ~ 8.6处检测到的最远LAEs)可能是矮星系,具有高的恒星形成率,由冷气体的注入提供燃料,以及低的Lya逃逸分数。

英文摘要:

Narrow-band Lya line and broad-band continuum have played important roles in the discovery of high-redshift galaxies in recent years. Hence, it is crucial to study the radiative transfer of both Lya and continuum photons in the context of galaxy formation and evolution in order to understand the nature of distant galaxies. Here, we present a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART^2), which couples Lya line and multi-wavelength continuum, for the study of panchromatic properties of galaxies and interstellar medium. This code is based on the original version of Li et al., and features three essential modules: continuum emission from X-ray to radio, Lya emission from both recombination and collisional excitation, and ionization of neutral hydrogen. The coupling of these three modules, together with an adaptive refinement grid, enables a self-consistent and accurate calculation of the Lya properties. As an example, we apply ART^2 to a cosmological simulation that includes both star formation and black hole growth, and study in detail a sample of massive galaxies at redshifts z=3.1 - 10.2. We find that these galaxies are Lya emitters (LAEs), whose Lya emission traces the dense gas region, and that their Lya lines show a shape characteristic of gas inflow. Furthermore, the Lya properties, including photon escape fraction, emergent luminosity, and equivalent width, change with time and environment. Our results suggest that LAEs evolve with redshift, and that early LAEs such as the most distant one detected at z ~ 8.6 may be dwarf galaxies with a high star formation rate fueled by infall of cold gas, and a low Lya escape fraction.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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