干扰竞争与入侵：空间结构、新型武器与抵抗区
Interference competition and invasion: spatial structure, novel weapons and resistance zones
摘要：
某些入侵植物可能依赖于干扰机制（如化感作用）。以获得对本地物种的竞争优势。但是，在干扰上花费资源可能会在另一个生活史特征上付出代价，因此干扰竞争对入侵生态学的意义仍然不确定。我们建立了生态入侵〈动〉<动>，当抢先竞争和干扰竞争的组合效应在邻域尺度上控制相互作用时。我们考虑三种情况。在“新武器”下，只有最初很少的入侵者才进行干涉。对于“抗性区”，只有留居种干扰，最后我们把两种都看作干扰竞争者。干扰增加了其他物种的死亡率，为殖民创造了空间。然而，一个物种行使更大的干扰减少了传播，这可能会阻碍其殖民开放的网站。在我们模型的均匀混合近似中，干涉从未增强稀有入侵者的增长。但是，如果相互作用是空间结构化的，干扰可以显着增加入侵者的竞争力，并在罕见的情况下增加其增长。也就是说，干扰可以增加入侵者的成功时，殖民开放的网站取决于当地，而不是全球，物种密度。与此相反，干扰增强了常见的，居民物种的抵抗入侵的空间结构无关，除非传播成本太大。背景死亡率的增加（即，死亡率不是由于干扰）总是降低干扰竞争的有效性。
英文摘要：
Certain invasive plants may rely on interference mechanisms (allelopathy, e.g.) to gain competitive superiority over native species. But expending resources on interference presumably exacts a cost in another life-history trait, so that the significance of interference competition for invasion ecology remains uncertain. We model ecological invasion when combined effects of preemptive and interference competition govern interactions at the neighborhood scale. We consider three cases. Under "novel weapons," only the initially rare invader exercises interference. For "resistance zones" only the resident species interferes, and finally we take both species as interference competitors. Interference increases the other species' mortality, opening space for colonization. However, a species exercising greater interference has reduced propagation, which can hinder its colonization of open sites. Interference never enhances a rare invader's growth in the homogeneously mixing approximation to our model. But interference can significantly increase an invader's competitiveness, and its growth when rare, if interactions are structured spatially. That is, interference can increase an invader's success when colonization of open sites depends on local, rather than global, species densities. In contrast, interference enhances the common, resident species' resistance to invasion independently of spatial structure, unless the propagation-cost is too great. Increases in background mortality (i.e., mortality not due to interference) always reduce the effectiveness of interference competition.
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