Ground-based surveys have mapped the stellar outskirts of Local Group galaxies in unprecedented detail, but extending this work to other galaxies is necessary to overcome stochastic variations in evolutionary history and provide more stringent constraints on cosmological galaxy formation models. As part of our continuing program of ultra-deep imagery of galaxies beyond the Local Group, we present a wide-field analysis of the isolated late-type spiral NGC2403 using data obtained with Suprime-Cam on Subaru. The survey reaches a maximum projected radius of 30 kpc or deprojected radius of R_dp~60 kpc. The colour-magnitude diagram reaches 1.5 mag below the tip of the metal-poor red giant branch (RGB) at a completeness rate > 50% for R_dp >12 kpc. Using the combination of diffuse light photometry and resolved star counts, we are able to trace the radial surface brightness (SB) profile over a much larger range of radii and surface brightness than is possible with either technique alone. The exponential disc as traced by RGB stars dominates the SB profile out to >8 disc scale-lengths, or R_dp~18 kpc, and reaches a V-band SB of 29 mag per sq. arcsec. Beyond this radius, we find evidence for an extended structural component with a significantly flatter SB profile than the inner disc and which we trace to R_dp~40 kpc and ~32 mag per sq. arcsec. This component can be fit with a power-law index of ~3, has an axial ratio consistent with that of the inner disc and has a V-band luminosity of 1-7% that of the whole galaxy. At R_dp~20 - 30 kpc, we estimate a peak metallicity [M/H]= -1.0+/-0.3. Although the extant data are unable to discriminate between stellar halo or thick disc interpretations of this component, our results support the notion that faint, extended stellar structures are a common feature of all disc galaxies, even isolated, low-mass systems.
Going, going, gone dark: Quantifying the scatter in the faintest dwarf galaxies
我们预测的恒星质量晕质量（SMHM）的关系，矮星系和他们的卫星居住在晕下降到M $_{halo} =$ 10 $^7$ M $_{\odot}$与10 $^4$ M $_{\odot} <$ M $_{star}$（$z=0$）$< 10^8$ M $_{\odot}$，并量化预测的散射关系在低质量端，使用宇宙学模拟。这些星系是从矮星系的宇宙学模拟中绘制的，使用N体+ SPH代码ChaNGA，以60 pc的高分辨率运行。对于M $_{halo} > 10^9$ M $_{\odot}$，模拟的SMHM关系与文献测定一致，包括表现出小的分散。然而，在SMHM关系的散射显着增加较低质量的晕。我们发现，这种散射的一部分是由于{ \em暗矮星}，没有恒星的晕。然而，即使只考虑包含恒星人口的清晰晕，恒星质量的分散度也接近1 dex，M $_{halo}$（$z=0$）10 $^7$ M $_{\odot}$。这种散射大部分是由于包括矮星系的卫星，它们的晕质量通过潮汐剥离而减少。暗矮星（不含恒星的暗矮星）的比例随着晕质量的减少而显著增加。当考虑这些暗晕时，低质量SMHM中的真实散射甚至更大。在我们的模拟所探测的SMHM关系的最暗端，一个星系不能仅仅根据它的光度来分配一个独特的晕质量。我们提供了一个公式来随机填充低质量晕根据我们的结果。我们预测的低晕质量的大散射增加了由此产生的恒星质量函数在超微…
