银河系超大质量黑洞高活动性的新证据
New Evidence for High Activity of the Super-Massive Black Hole in our Galaxy
摘要：
通过2005年和2009年的两次单独的朱雀观测，在人马座B（Sgr B）区域的分子云（MC）中发现了中性铁（以下简称FeI-K）的显着K壳层发射线和硬连续X射线。FeI-K的X射线通量在4年内与硬连续谱通量的相关性为0.4-0.5倍，这几乎等于穿过MC的光。快速和相关的时间变化，FeI-K的等效宽度，和FeI的K边吸收深度一致地解释为“X射线回波”由于荧光和汤姆逊散射的X射线耀斑从外部源。X射线耀斑所需的通量取决于到MC的距离和持续时间。即使在最小的情况下，通量也比最亮的银河X射线源大。基于这些事实，我们得出结论：超大质量黑洞Sgr A* 在几百年前曾出现过一次大耀斑，其亮度大于4 × 10^39尔格·s^{-1}。距离人马座A* 几百光年的人马座B发出的“X射线回波”现在到达了地球。
英文摘要：
Prominent K-shell emission lines of neutral iron (hereafter, FeI-K) and hard-continuum X-rays were found from molecular clouds (MCs) in the Sagittarius B (Sgr B) region with the two separate Suzaku observations in 2005 and 2009. The X-ray flux of FeI-K decreased in correlation to the hard-continuum flux by factor of 0.4-0.5 in 4 years, which is nearly equal to the light-travelling across the MCs. The rapid and correlated time-variability, the equivalent width of FeI-K, and the K-edge absorption depth of FeI are consistently explained by "X-ray echoes" due to the fluorescent and Thomson-scattering of an X-ray flare from an external source. The required flux of the X-ray flare depends on the distance to the MCs and the duration time. The flux, even in the minimum case, is larger than those of the brightest Galactic X-ray sources. Based on these facts, we conclude that the super-massive black hole, Sgr A*, exhibited a big-flare about a few hundred years ago and the luminosity of higher than 4x10^39 erg s^{-1}. The "X-ray echo" from Sgr B, located at a few hundred light-years from Sgr A*, now arrived at the Earth.
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