I carry out a finite-size scaling study of the correlation length in SU(3) lattice gauge theory coupled to 12 fundamental flavor fermions, using recent data published by Fodor, Holland, Kuti, Nogradi and Schroeder. I make the assumption that the system is conformal in the zero-mass, infinite volume limit, that scaling is violated by both nonzero fermion mass and by finite volume, and that the scaling function in each channel is determined self-consistently by the data. From several different observables I extract a common exponent for the scaling of the correlation length xi with the fermion mass m_q, xi proportional to m_q to the power -1/y_m, with y_m ~ 1.35. Shortcomings of the analysis are discussed.
Staggered fermions with smeared links can have greatly improved chiral properties. In a recent paper we introduced a simple and effective method to simulate four flavors of staggered smeared link fermions. In this work we extend the four flavor method to two flavors. We define the two flavor action by the square root of the four flavor fermionic determinant and show that by using a polynomial approximation the two flavor action can be evaluated with the necessary accuracy. We test this method by studying the finite temperature phase structure with hypercubic smeared (HYP) link staggered action…
We study the finite temperature phase transition of four and two flavor staggered fermions with hypercubic smeared link actions. These preliminary studies suggest that the improved flavor symmetry of the fermionic action can have a significant effect on the finite temperature phase diagram.
I discuss minimally doubled fermions fermions as an ultra-local formulation on the lattice for sea quarks that realize a non-singlet chiral symmetry. I introduce a non-singlet mass term for Karsten-Wilczek fermions and identify the appropriate representation of the SU(2) flavor group at finite lattice spacing. I present an algebraic proof that the symmetry of the quark determinant under charge conjugation and reflections of the Euclidean axes is preserved for Karsten-Wilczek fermions as sea quarks. Finally, I discuss how the flavor components in meson correlation functions with Karsten-Wilczek…
We compare the performances of the exact one-flavor algorithm (EOFA) and the rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm (RHMC), for dynamical simulations of lattice QCD with domain-wall fermion.
At non-zero lattice spacing the flavor symmetry of staggered fermions is broken to a discrete subgroup. We show that in the chiral limit the flavor symmetry of the pion effective Lagrangian enlarges to an SO(4) subgroup of the continuum SU(4) symmetry. This provides an explanation for observed degeneracies in the pion spectrum.
We have studied the 3-flavor, finite temperature, QCD phase transition with staggred fermions on an $ N_t=4$ lattice. By studying a variety of quark masses we have located the critical point, $m_c$, where the first order 3-flavor transition ends as lying in the region $0.32 \le m_c \le 0.35$ in lattice units
We construct positive-definite pseudofermion actions for one fermion flavor in lattice field theory, for Wilson and domain-wall fermions respectively. The positive definiteness of these actions ensures that they can be simulated with the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method. For lattice QCD with optimal domain-wall quarks, we compare the efficiency of HMC simulations of 2-flavor and (1+1)-flavor, and find that the efficiency ratio is about 3:2.
We study improved Kogut-Susskind fermion actions focusing on flavor symmetry restoration. Several variants of fat actions suitable for dynamical simulations are considered, including an action with no tree level order a-squared errors. The spectrum of all the pions is computed and used as a measure of flavor symmetry violation. Finally, the Naik term is introduced to restore rotational symmetry.
Accurately calculating the mass of flavor-singlet meson states from numerical lattice simulations is an important milestone for lattice QCD. Careful measurement of the full pseudoscalar flavor-singlet propagator is also a crucial step in understanding the dynamics of the fermion sea on the lattice, in particular for potentially non-trivial formulations such as with 2+1-flavor staggered fermions. We briefly describe details of a dynamical QCD calculation using improved staggered fermions, with 30,000 trajectories, that was run for our studies of flavour singlet mesons.
We propose a new method for Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) simulations with odd numbers of dynamical fermions on the lattice. It employs a different approach from polynomial or rational HMC. In this method, gamma-five hermiticity of the lattice Dirac operators is crucial and it can be applied to Wilson, domain-wall, and overlap fermions. We compare HMC simulations with two degenerate flavors and (1 + 1) degenerate flavors using optimal domain-wall fermions. The ratio of the efficiency, (number of accepted trajectories) / (simulation time), is about 3:2. The relation between pseudofermion action of c…
We present further data in search of a parity-flavor-breaking phase in simulations of dynamical QCD with two flavors of light Wilson fermions in the strong coupling region. This is done on lattice sizes of 4^4 an up to 10^4 for a variety of values of beta and kappa as well as the coefficient, h, of an explicit breaking term included in the action. We confirm the existence of a region in the beta-kappa plane where such a phase exists at beta=6/g^2 smaller than 5.0 and above kappa_c.
We present a set of related Hybrid Monte Carlo methods to simulate an arbitrary number of dynamical overlap fermions. Each fermion is represented by a chiral pseudo-fermion field. The new algorithm reduces critical slowing down in the chiral limit and for sectors of nontrivial topology.
We present data testing the existence of a parity-flavor breaking phase in simulations of QCD with two flavors of light Wilson fermions. This is done by explicit simulations on lattice sizes of $6^4$, $8^4$ and $10^4$ for a variety of values of $β$ and $κ$ as well as the coefficient, $h$, of an explicit breaking term included in the action. We find that at $β=6/g^2 $ equal to or greater than 5.0 extrapolation in the parameter $h$ as well as in the lattice volume show no indication of a phase where parity and flavor are spontaneously broken in the limit of zero $h$.
We report our study on the critical endpoint of the finite temperature phase transition in 4-flavor QCD with Wilson-Clover fermions. Using the kurtosis intersection method, we determined the critical endpoint on lattices with $N_t$ = 4, 6 and 8. Our continuum extrapolated results show that the pseudo-scalar meson mass at the critical endpoint, $m_\mathrm{PS,E}$, for 4-flavor is clearly larger than that for 3-flavor. We also compared our results to those with staggered fermions and found that $m_\mathrm{PS,E}/T_E$ for 4-flavor with Wilson fermions might remain finite even in the continuum limit…
The RBC and UKQCD Collaborations continue to produce 2+1 flavor domain wall fermion ensembles, currently focusing on an ensemble with a $96^3 \times 192$ volume on SUMMIT at ORNL with $1/a \approx 2.8$ GeV, and smaller ensembles at stronger couplings. The $1/a \approx 2.8$ GeV ensemble uses the Exact One Flavor Algorithm for the strange quark, along with the Multisplitting Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient for solving the Dirac equation. We report on our progress and experience to date with the evolution of this ensemble.
We compute the difference in the renormalization of flavor singlet and nonsinglet fermion bilinear operators, to two loops in perturbation theory. Our results are applicable to a rather wide class of lattice actions with Symanzik improved gluons, stout links and clover fermions, including the Twisted Mass and SLiNC actions. A more detailed presentation of our results, along with relevant references, will appear in a forthcoming publication.
We study the lattice \njl~model with two flavors of Wilson fermions in the large $N$ limit, where $N$ is the number of `colors'. For large values of the four-fermion coupling we find a phase in which both, flavor symmetry and parity, are spontaneously broken. In accordance with general expectations there are three massless pions on the phase boundary, but only two of them remain massless inside the broken phase. This is analogous to earlier results obtained in lattice QCD, indicating that this behavior is a very general feature of the Wilson term.
We extend our earlier results concerning the breaking of the U_A(1) symmetry in finite temperature QCD. In particular, we use topological arguments to investigate the chiral limit.
We present studies of the SU(2) gauge theory with 4, 6 and 10 fermion flavors. These models are expected to lie on both sides of the edge of the conformal window, where the theory has an infrared fixed point. We observe that the coupling grows with the length scale at four flavors, implying QCD-like behavior. At ten flavors the results are compatible with a Bank-Zaks type fixed point. The results at six flavors remain inconclusive: the running is slow towards the infrared but the range and accuracy of the study are insufficient for determining the existence of a fixed point.
We discuss the Schrödinger functional in lattice QCD with staggered fermions and relate it, in the classical continuum limit, to the Schrödinger functional regularized with Wilson fermions. We compute the strong coupling constant defined via the Schrödinger functional with staggered fermions at one loop and show that it agrees with the continuum running coupling constant in the Schrödinger functional formalism. We compute this running coupling in the ``weak coupling phase'' of many flavor QCD numerically at several values of the bare coupling and for several system sizes from $L/a=4$ to 12. Th…
We report on our ongoing study of nucleon properties, the nucleon mass and the strange quark content (<N|ss|N>) in particular. These calculations are done on (2+1)-flavor Domain Wall Fermion (DWF) ensembles with Iwasaki gauge action with 2 different lattice spacings (a ~ 0.08, 0.11fm) and DWF with Dislocation Suppressing Determinant Ratio(DSDR) (a ~ 0.14fm), generated by RBC/UKQCD collaborations.
Employing the spin-flavor representation, we investigate the structures of the doubler-mixing symmetries and the mechanisms of their spontaneous breakdown in four types of lattice fermion formulation. We first revisit the $U(4)\timesU(4)A$ symmetries of the naive fermion with the vanishing bare mass m, and re-express them in terms of the spin-flavor representation. We apply the same method to the Wilson fermion, which possesses only the U(1) vector symmetry for general values of m. For a special value of m, however, there emerges an additional U(1) symmetry to be broken by pion condensation. W…
Comparison of the mixed-fermion-action Effects using different fermion and gauge actions with 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavors
Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（杭州高等研究院，中国科学院大学）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；The Cyprus Institute（塞浦路斯研究所）；Indiana University（印第安纳大学）
Based on recent work by Adams, I construct a lattice fermion operator that fully lifts the staggered flavor degeneracy. The resulting operator is of Wilson type but smaller by a factor of 4, better conditioned and contains 3 instead of 15 doublers. It is further suggested that this operator may be used as a candidate kernel operator to an overlap construction. Prospects for practical applications and potential problems of the new discretizations are briefly discussed.
We examine the taste structure of eigenvectors of the staggered-fermion Dirac operator. We derive a set of conditions on the eigenvectors of modes with small eigenvalues (near-zero modes), such that staggered fermions reproduce the 't Hooft vertex in the continuum limit. We also show that, assuming these conditions, the correlators of flavor-singlet mesons are free of contributions singular in $1/m$, where $m$ is the quark mass. This conclusion holds also when a single flavor of sea quark is represented by the fourth root of the staggered-fermion determinant. We then test numerically, using th…
Simulations for the thermodynamics of the 2+1 flavor QCD are performed employing chiral fermions. The use of Möbius domain-wall fermions with stout-link smearing is more effective on the finer lattices where all the relevant chiral symmetries are realized more accurately. We report on the initial simulations near the (pseudo) critical point using the line of constant physics with an average $ud$ quark mass slightly heavier than physical at $a\lesssim 0.1$ fm.
Staggered fermions with 4 tastes are expected to describe 4-flavor QCD in the continuum limit, therefore at finite lattice spacing the staggered determinant should be equivalent to an SU(4) flavor-symmetric system up to lattice artifacts. This equivalence is the starting point of the 4th root trick used to reduce the number of fermion flavors and provides the only consistent description of 2 or 1 flavor systems. In this paper we argue that the quark mass of the underlying flavor symmetric theory differs from the staggered mass by an additive term due to the taste breaking of the staggered acti…
The Asqtad improved staggered fermion formalism has been a valuable tool in successfully calculating the non-singlet parts of the hadronic spectrum. We are engaged in a project to calculate the spectrum of the pseudoscalar singlet mesons with 2+1-flavor Asqtad staggered gauge configurations. Propagators of flavor-singlet states incorporate contributions from both disconnected and connected diagrams, and hence are sensitive to any differences in the actions governing the sea and valence fermions on the lattice. As such, they also present the possibility of a probe of the validity of the ``fourt…
A popular approximation in lattice gauge theory is an extrapolation in the number of fermion species away from the four fold degeneracy natural with the staggered fermions formulation. I show that at finite lattice spacing and for an odd number of flavors this extrapolation misses terms which, on general principles, must be present in the continuum theory. For a correct continuum limit, this forces unphysical singularities in parameter regions where continuum physics is smooth and all physical particles are massive. These singularities are not expected with other lattice regulators. Finally, I…
We present results of finite temperature QCD from N_f=2 flavors of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions on lattices with N_t=8, 10 and 12. The transition temperature T_c is determined for the first time at lattice spacings as low as a = 0.08 fm, albeit at pion masses 1.3 < r_0 m_π. We furthermore compute the screening masses in various color channels at T>T_c.
We present the determination of the light quark masses using electromagnetic splittings of pions and kaons. The meson masses are calculated on $SU(3)\times U(1)$ gauge configurations, where SU(3) gauge fields include sea quark effects of two degenerate flavors and the U(1) gauge fields are incorporated in non-compact form. Possible sources of systematic uncertainty are discussed.
We propose an exact simulation algorithm for lattice QCD with dynamical Kogut-Susskind fermion in which the N_f-flavor fermion operator is defined as the N_f/4-th root of the Kogut-Susskind (KS) fermion operator. The algorithm is an extension of the Polynomial Hybrid Monte Carlo (PHMC) algorithm to KS fermions. The fractional power of the KS fermion operator is approximated with a Hermitian Chebyshev polynomial, with which we can construct an algorithm for any number of flavors. The error which arises from the approximation is corrected by the Kennedy-Kuti noisy Metropolis test. Numerical simu…
Extended simulation results and their analysis are reported in a strongly coupled gauge theory with twelve fermion flavors in the fundamental SU(3) color representation. The conformality of the model is probed using mass deformed conformal finite size scaling (FSS) theory driven by the fermion mass anomalous dimension. Two independent conformal FSS fitting procedures are used in the analysis. The first one deploys physics motivated scaling functions, complemented by a second fitting procedure with spline based general B-forms for the scaling functions. The results at fixed gauge coupling show …
We report the status of our nucleon structure calculations with 2+1 flavors of domain wall fermions on the RBC-UKQCD $32^3\times64$ gauge ensembles with the Iwasaki+DSDR action. These ensembles have a fixed lattice scale of 1/a = 1.37 GeV, and two pion masses of about 170 and 250 MeV. Preliminary results for the isovector electromagnectic form factors and their corresponding root-mean-squared (r.m.s.) radii will be presented.
We present results for the pseudoscalar meson masses and decay constants on 2+1 flavor DWF configurations with different sea quark masses and an inverse lattice spacing of 1.6(1) GeV, with a focus on chiral fits at small quark masses. The calculation is done on 16^3x32x8 lattices generated with the DBW2 gauge action.
We report preliminary results from an ongoing calculation of $B_K$ for $N_f=2$ dynamical QCD with domain wall fermions. Simulations have been done with three dynamical quark masses on $16^3 \times 32$ volumes with $L_s = 12$, where the lattice spacing is $a^{-1} = 1.81(6)$ GeV. Using measurements on $\sim 70$ lattices for each dynamical mass and extrapolating $\mdyn=\mval$ to the kaon point, we find $B_K^{\rm \bar{MS}}(μ=2{\rm GeV}) = 0.503(20)$.
We apply the spectral projector method, recently introduced by Giusti and Lüscher, to compute the chiral condensate using $N_f=2$ and $N_f=2+1+1$ dynamical flavors of maximally twisted mass fermions. We present our results for several quark masses at three different lattice spacings which allows us to perform the chiral and continuum extrapolations. In addition we report our analysis on the $O(a)$ improvement of the chiral condensate for twisted mass fermions. We also study the effect of the dynamical strange and charm quarks by comparing our results for $N_f=2$ and $N_f=2+1+1$ dynamical flavo…
We study the Schrödinger functional running coupling in the SU(2) gauge theory with six-flavors of massless fermions. The aim is to determine whether the above theory has an infrared fixed point (IRFP). We use the standard Wilson gauge action and the stout-smeared Wilson fermion action. Here we present a determination of the critical mass as a function of the bare coupling and a preliminary study of the phase diagram of this lattice action. We also find preliminary indication that this theory has no IRFP. While this conclusion is not yet definite, we also show that with this approach we will b…
We present new results in an ongoing study of the nature of the high temperature crossover in QCD with two light fermion flavors. These results are obtained with the conventional staggered fermion action at the smallest lattice spacing to date---approximately 0.1 fm. Of particular interest are a study of the temperature of the crossover, an important indicator of continuum scaling, a determination of the induced baryon charge and baryon susceptibility, used to study the dissolution of hadrons at the crossover, the scalar susceptibility, a signal for the appearance of soft modes, and the chiral…
We study the sigma term and the strange quark content of nucleon in 2+1-flavor QCD with dynamical overlap fermions. We analyze the lattice data of nucleon mass taken at two different strange quark masses with five values of up and down quark masses each. Using the reweighting technique, we study the strange quark mass dependence of the nucleon and extract the strange quark content.
We have performed numerical simulations of SU(3) gauge theory coupled to Nf=2 flavors of symmetric representation fermions. The fermions are discretized with the tadpole-improved clover action. Our simulations are done on lattices of length L=6, 8, and 12. In all simulation volumes we observe a crossover from a strongly coupled confined phase to a weak coupling deconfined phase. Degeneracies in screening masses, plus the behavior of the pseudoscalar decay constant, indicate that the deconfined phase is also a phase in which chiral symmetry is restored. The movement of the confinement transitio…
We explore flavor singlet pseudoscalar meson, eta', spectrum in two-flavor (Nf=2) lattice QCD. The continuum-like relation between the topology of the QCD vacuum and the U(1)_A anomaly, that prevents eta' meson from being a would-be Nambu-Goldstone boson, are expected to hold in the domain wall fermions (DWF) used as a lattice quark field in this work. Although our simulation is limited to relatively heavy quark masses and statistical error is not magnificently small despite of improvements in measurements and fit procedures for meson propagators, we obtained m_eta'=819(127) MeV for Nf=2 QCD, …
The critical temperature is computed for N_f = 2 dynamical flavors of nonperturbatively improved Wilson fermions. The new simulations are performed on lattices 40^3 x 14 with lattice spacing and pion mass about 0.08 fm and 200 MeV, respectively. We find the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions to coincide within numerical precision. Our results are in broad agreement with a second order phase transition in the chiral limit. The critical temperature at the physical quark mass is found to be T_c = 172(3)(6) MeV.
We compute the spectrum of excited nucleons using the anisotropic Wilson lattice with two flavors of dynamical fermions. Using optimized sets of operators which transform irreducibly under the octahedral group, matrices of correlation functions are computed. We apply the variational method to these matrices to extract excited energy eigenstates. We obtain several states for each irrep and identify the continuum spin for the lowest-lying states, including a $J^P={5/2}^-$ state.
We study QCD with two flavors of non-perturbatively improved Wilson fermions at finite temperature on the $16^3 8$ lattice. We determine the transition temperature at lattice spacings as small as $a \sim 0.12$ fm, and study string breaking below the finite temperature transition. We find that the static potential can be fitted by a two-state ansatz, including a string state and a two-meson state. We investigate the role of Abelian monopoles at finite temperature.
We present the results of a full QCD lattice calculation of the flavor singlet axial vector coupling $G_A^1$ of the proton. The simulation has been carried out on a $16^3\times 32$ lattice at $β=5.6$ with $n_f=2$ dynamical Wilson fermions. It turns out that the statistical quality of the connected contribution to $G_A^1$ is excellent, whereas the disconnected part is accessible but suffers from large statistical fluctuations. Using a 1st order tadpole improved renormalization constant $Z_A$, we estimate $G_A^1 = 0.20(12)$.
We review some recent progress in our understanding of the phase diagram of non abelian gauge theories, by varying their flavor content -- fermion representations and the number of flavors. In particular, we explore the way conformal symmetry can be restored before the loss of asymptotic freedom, and through a subtle interplay of perturbation theory, chiral dynamics and confining forces. It is with the combination of numerical lattice studies and theoretical insights into gauge theories with and without supersymmetry that we may successfully attempt to clarify the missing pieces of this puzzle…
The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model is chirally symmetric. Addition of a Wilson term explicitly breaks this symmetry and leaves the model with a remaining parity-flavor symmetry. In the approximation of a large number of colors it has been shown that there is a phase where the remaining parity-flavor symmetry is spontaneously broken and that on the phase boundary all pions become massless. Using numerical simulations we confirm the existence of this phase for the case of two flavors and two colors. We also confirm the large N prediction of the existence of large finite size effects that alter the sh…
We present results for QCD with $N_f=2$ flavors of dynamical quarks using nonperturbatively improved Wilson fermions at finite temperature on $16^3 \times 8$ and $24^3 \times 10$ lattices. We determine the transition temperature in the range of quark masses $0.6 \lesssim m_π/m_ρ\leq 0.8$. After fixing the Maximal Abelian gauge we investigate the contribution of Abelian monopoles to the Polyakov loop, Polyakov loop susceptibility and confirm Abelian and monopole dominance in full QCD.
As algorithmic developments have driven down the cost of simulating degenerate light quark flavors the relative cost of simulating single quark flavors with the Rational Hybrid Monte Carlo (RHMC) algorithm has become more expensive. TWQCD has proposed an exact one-flavor algorithm (EOFA) that allows for HMC simulations of a single quark flavor without taking a square root of the fermion determinant. We have independently implemented EOFA in the Columbia Physics System (CPS) and BAGEL Fermion Sparse-Matrix Library (BFM) for Shamir and Möbius domain wall fermions, and begun to optimize and test …
We present a numerical study of the spectrum of an asymptotically non-free $SU(2)$ gauge theory with $N_f=24$ massive fermion flavors. For such large number of flavors, asymptotic freedom is lost and the massless theory is governed by a gaussian fixed point at long distances. If fermions are massive they decouple at low energy scales and the theory is confining. We present a scaling law for the masses of the hadrons, glueballs and string tension as functions of fermion mass. The hadrons become effectively heavy quark systems, with masses approximately twice the fermion mass, whereas the energy…
We investigate the transition between spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and conformal behavior in the SU(3) theory with multiple fermion flavors. We propose a new strategy for studying this transition. Instead of changing the number of flavors, we lift the mass of a subset of the fermions, keeping the rest of the fermions near to the massless chiral limit in order to probe the transition. Dedicated to the 60th birthday of Academician Valery Rubakov.
A different lattice fermion method is introduced. Staggered domain wall fermions are defined in 2n+1 dimensions and describe 2^n flavors of light lattice fermions with exact U(1) x U(1) chiral symmetry in 2n dimensions. As the size of the extra dimension becomes large, 2^n chiral flavors with the same chiral charge are expected to be localized on each boundary and the full SU(2^n) x SU(2^n) flavor chiral symmetry is expected to be recovered. SDWF give a different perspective into the inherent flavor mixing of lattice fermions and by design present an advantage for numerical simulations of latt…
We compute the screening correlators in the sigma and eta' flavor singlet channels in finite temperature QCD with 2 light quark flavors. Together with the correlators in the pi and delta channels, these are used to discuss several issues related to symmetry restoration and the nature of the QCD phase transition. Our calculations span a range of temperature extending from approximately 125 MeV to 170 MeV and are carried out in the context of a staggered fermion formulation on a 16^3x8 lattice. In addition to the computation at a fixed quark mass (am_q=0.00625), we discuss the issue of the chira…
We study QCD with (2+1)-HISQ fermions at nonzero temperature and nonzero imaginary baryon chemical potential. Monte Carlo simulations are performed using the MILC code along the line of constant physics with a light to strange mass ratio of $m_l/m_s=1/20$ on lattices up to $48^3 \times 12$ to check for finite cutoff effects. We determine the curvature of the pseudocritical line extrapolated to the continuum limit.
Staggered Domain Wall Fermions (SDWF) combine the attractive chiral properties of staggered fermions with those of domain wall fermions. SDWF describe four flavors with exact U(1)xU(1) flavor chiral symmetry. An extra lattice dimension is introduced and the full SU(4)xSU(4) flavor chiral symmetry is recovered as its size is increased. Here, the free theory of SDWF is described and a preliminary discussion of the interacting case is presented. SDWF may be well suited for numerical simulation of lattice QCD thermodynamics.
Three-flavor QCD simulation with the $O(a)$-improved Wilson fermion action is made employing an exact fermion algorithm developed for odd number of quark flavors. For the plaquette gauge action, an unexpected first-order phase transition is found in the strong coupling regime ($β\lesssim$ 5.0) at relatively heavy quark masses ($m_{\mathrm{PS}}/m_{\mathrm{V}}\sim$ 0.74--0.87). Strong metastability persists on a large lattice of size $12^3\times 32$, which indicates that the transition has a bulk nature. The phase gap becomes smaller toward weaker couplings and vanishes at $β\simeq 5.0$, which c…
In this work we perform the parameter tuning of three flavors of dynamical clover quarks on anisotropic lattices. The fermion action uses three-dimensional spatial stout-link smearing. The gauge anisotropy is determined in a small box with Schrödinger background using Wilson-loop ratios. The fermion anisotropy is obtained from studying the meson dispersion relation with antiperiodic boundary conditions in the time direction. The spatial and temporal clover coefficients are fixed to the tree-level tadpole-improved values, and we demonstrate that they satisfy the nonperturbative conditions as de…
