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arXiv 1109.0993astro-ph.SR
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恒星自转的统一模型

Towards a unified model of stellar rotation

Adrian T. Potter, Christopher A. Tout, John J. Eldridge

摘要:

快速自转对恒星演化的影响是深远的。我们现在开始收集足够的数据,以便在不同的物理模型之间进行现实的比较。对任何恒星自转理论的两个关键检验是:第一,它是否能与在含有快速自转恒星的星系团中观测到的氮和其他元素的富集相匹配;第二,它是否能再现观测到的赫兹-罗素图中主序星的加宽。在过去的二十年里,恒星自转模型的数量和复杂性一直在稳步增加,但由于缺乏数据,很难确定这些增加的模型是否真的更接近现实。恒星自转模型中最缺乏探索的特征之一是对流带内角动量输运的处理。如果我们把核心看作具有均匀的比角动量,那么对于给定的表面旋转,恒星中的角动量分布与我们假设恒星作为固体旋转时的角动量分布有很大的不同。均匀的比角动量还产生强烈的剪切,这可以驱动靠近对流区边界的化学元素的额外传输。不同模型的比较以及它们对可观测性质的再现与其他相同的输入物理的比较对于正确区分它们是至关重要的。我们比较详细的网格的恒星演化轨道的中间和高质量的恒星使用几种模型产生的旋转与我们新的恒星旋转代码。

英文摘要:

The effects of rapid rotation on stellar evolution can be profound. We are now beginning to gather enough data to allow a realistic comparison between different physical models. Two key tests for any theory of stellar rotation are first whether it can match observations of the enrichment of nitrogen, and potentially other elements, in clusters containing rapid rotators and secondly whether it can reproduce the observed broadening of the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram. Models of stellar rotation have been steadily increasing in number and complexity over the past two decades but the lack of data makes it difficult to determine whether such additions actually give a closer reflection of reality. One of the most poorly explored features of stellar rotation models is the treatment of angular momentum transport within convective zones. If we treat the core as having uniform specific angular momentum the angular momentum distribution in the star, for a given surface rotation, is dramatically different from what it is when we assume the star rotates as a solid body. The uniform specific angular momentum also generates strong shears which can drive additional transport of chemical elements close to the boundary of a convection zone. A comparison of different models and their reproduction of observable properties with otherwise identical input physics is essential to properly distinguish between them. We compare detailed grids of stellar evolution tracks of intermediate and high-mass stars produced using several models for rotation generated with our new stellar rotation code.

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