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arXiv 1109.0900astro-ph.SR
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土卫47星系中的多个恒星星族

Multiple stellar populations in 47 Tucanae

A. P. Milone, G. Piotto, L. R. Bedin, I. R. King, J. Anderson, A. F. Marino, A. Bellini, R. Gratton, A. Renzini, P. B. Stetson, S. Cassisi, A. Aparicio, A. Brag… 展开作者

A. P. Milone, G. Piotto, L. R. Bedin, I. R. King, J. Anderson, A. F. Marino, A. Bellini, R. Gratton, A. Renzini, P. B. Stetson, S. Cassisi, A. Aparicio, A. Bragaglia, E. Carretta, F. D'Antona, M. Di Criscienzo, S. Lucatello, M. Monelli, A. Pietrinferni

摘要:

我们使用哈勃太空望远镜(HST)和地面成像来研究47 Tuc的多个种群,将高精度测光与合成光谱的计算相结合。使用覆盖广泛波长范围的滤波器,我们的HST测光将主序(MS)分成两个分支,我们发现这种二元性在亚巨星和红巨星区域(SGB,RGB)以及水平分支(HB)中重复。我们计算MS恒星的理论恒星大气,假设不同的化学成分的混合物,我们比较他们的预测颜色通过HST过滤器与我们观察到的颜色。我们发现,我们可以将观察到的复杂颜色与一对种群相匹配,一个具有原始丰度,另一个具有增强的氮和少量的氦增强,但具有耗尽的C和O。我们证实,RGB和红色HB星的模型与这对组合物也给出了适合我们的观察颜色。我们认为,OH,CN,CH和NH的分子带的不同强度,落在不同的光度带,负责两个群体的颜色分裂。在星团中心附近,在色星等图(CMD)的每一部分中,原始丰度的星群只占恒星总数的约20%,这一比例向外增加,在星团的外围接近相等,在整个星团中平均约占30%。因此,第二个,氦/氮富集的人口更集中,并贡献了大部分的今天的恒星内容的集群。我们提出的证据表明,CMD的47 Tuc由交织的序列的两个人口,其单独的身份可以遵循连续从MS的RGB,从那里到HB。第三个星群只在SGB中可见,其中包括约8%的恒星。

英文摘要:

We use Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and ground-based imaging to study the multiple populations of 47 Tuc, combining high-precision photometry with calculations of synthetic spectra. Using filters covering a wide range of wavelengths, our HST photometry splits the main sequence (MS) into two branches, and we find that this duality is repeated in the subgiant and red-giant regions (SGB, RGB), and on the horizontal branch (HB). We calculate theoretical stellar atmospheres for MS stars, assuming different chemical composition mixtures, and we compare their predicted colors through the HST filters with our observed colors. We find that we can match the complex of observed colors with a pair of populations, one with primeval abundance and another with enhanced nitrogen and a small helium enhancement, but with depleted C and O. We confirm that models of RGB and red HB stars with that pair of compositions also give colors that fit our observations. We suggest that the different strengths of molecular bands of OH, CN, CH and NH, falling in different photometric bands, are responsible for the color splits of the two populations. Near the cluster center, in each portion of the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) the population with primeval abundances makes up only ~20% of the stars, a fraction that increases outwards, approachng equality in the outskirts of the cluster, with a fraction ~30% averaged over the whole cluster. Thus the second, He/N-enriched population is more concentrated and contributes the majority of the present-day stellar content of the cluster. We present evidence that the CMD of 47 Tuc consists of intertwined sequences of the two populations, whose separate identities can be followed continuously from the MS up to the RGB, and thence to the HB. A third population is visible only in the SGB, where it includes ~8% of the stars.

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