In quantum spin chains at criticality, two types of scaling for the entanglement entropy exist: one comes from conformal field theory (CFT), and the other is for entanglement support of matrix product state (MPS) approximation. They indicates that the matrix dimension of the MPS represents a length scale of spin correlation. On the other hand, the quantum spin-chain models can be mapped onto two-dimensional (2D) classical ones. Motivated by the scaling and the mapping, we introduce new entanglement entropy for 2D classical spin configuration as well as entanglement spectrum, and examine their basic properties in Ising and 3-state Potts models on the square lattice. They are defined by the singular values of the reduced density matrix for a Monte Carlo snapshot. We find scaling relations concerned with length scales in the snapshot at $T_{c}$. There, the spin configuration is fractal, and various sizes of ordered clusters coexist. Then, the singular values automatically decompose the original snapshot into a set of images with different length scale. This is the origin of the scaling. In contrast to the MPS scaling, long-range spin correlation can be described by only few singular values. Furthermore, we find multiple gaps in the entanglement spectrum, and in contrast to standard topological phases, the low-lying entanglement levels below the gap represent spontaneous symmetry breaking. Based on these observations, we discuss about the amount of information contained in one snapshot in a viewpoint of the CFT scaling.
A useful way to obtain the central charge of entanglement Hamiltonian -- Nested entanglement entropy
在本文中，我们回顾了如何通过嵌套纠缠熵获得临界纠缠哈密顿量的中心荷，这是在[J. Lou et al. PRB 84，245128（2011）]中首次引入的。由嵌套纠缠熵得到的中心荷可以识别纠缠哈密顿量的临界现象。我们回顾了我们以前的研究[J. Lou等人PRB 84，245128（2011），S. Tanaka et al. PRA 87，214401（2013）]，其中我们使用嵌套纠缠熵研究了二维价键固体（VBS）态和正方形和三角形梯子上的量子硬正方形模型的某些纠缠性质。
