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arXiv 1108.4472nlin.CD
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混沌:从微观不确定性到宏观随机性的桥梁

Chaos: a bridge from microscopic uncertainty to macroscopic randomness

S. J. Liao

摘要:

传统观点认为,宏观随机性与微观不确定性无关。此外,从物理和统计的角度,Lorenz混沌对初始条件的敏感依赖性(SDIC)从未与Lorenz方程所基于的所谓流体连续性假设一起考虑过。利用一种截断误差和舍入误差可以忽略的精细数值方法(Liao,2009),研究了Lorenz方程混沌解初始条件的微观不可避免的不确定波动(由流体连续性假设引起)的传播.基于1万个样本的CNS计算结果的统计分析表明,SDIC的存在使初始条件的微观统计涨落的不确定性转化为混沌的宏观随机性。这表明混沌可能是从微观层次的不确定性到宏观随机性的桥梁,因此可能是宏观随机性的起源。本文揭示了由于混沌的SDIC和初始数据的固有不确定性,混沌解的精确长期预测不仅在数学上是不可能的,而且也没有物理意义。这为我们深化和丰富对混沌SDIC的认识提供了一个新的、不同的视角。

英文摘要:

It is traditionally believed that the macroscopic randomness has nothing to do with the micro-level uncertainty. Besides, the sensitive dependence on initial condition (SDIC) of Lorenz chaos has never been considered together with the so-called continuum-assumption of fluid (on which Lorenz equations are based), from physical and statistic viewpoints. A very fine numerical technique (Liao, 2009) with negligible truncation and round-off errors, called here the "clean numerical simulation" (CNS), is applied to investigate the propagation of the micro-level unavoidable uncertain fluctuation (caused by the continuum-assumption of fluid) of initial conditions for Lorenz equation with chaotic solutions. Our statistic analysis based on CNS computation of 10,000 samples shows that, due to the SDIC, the uncertainty of the micro-level statistic fluctuation of initial conditions transfers into the macroscopic randomness of chaos. This suggests that chaos might be a bridge from micro-level uncertainty to macroscopic randomness, and thus would be an origin of macroscopic randomness. We reveal in this article that, due to the SDIC of chaos and the inherent uncertainty of initial data, accurate long-term prediction of chaotic solution is not only impossible in mathematics but also has no physical meanings. This might provide us a new, different viewpoint to deepen and enrich our understandings about the SDIC of chaos.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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