费米子相互作用与强相互作用理论中的普适行为
Fermion Interactions and Universal Behavior in Strongly Interacting Theories
摘要：
强相互作用的理论，即量子色动力学（QCD），描述了宇宙演化早期强子质量的产生和强子物质的状态。作为补充，超冷费米子原子的实验提供了一个干净的环境，以基准我们的理解凝聚体的动态形成和强相互作用的多体系统中的束缚态的产生。重整化群（RG）技术为热、密QCD和多体物理的理论发展提供了巨大的潜力，但它们之间的联系尚未得到详细的研究。我们的目标是进一步缩小这一差距。一个交叉施肥确实是有希望的，因为它可能最终为我们提供一个从头描述强子化，凝聚，并在强相互作用理论的束缚态的形成。在详细介绍了费米子RG流的推导和分析之后，我们介绍了我们目前对各种不同理论中的普适长程行为的理解，从非相对论性多体问题到相对论性规范理论，重点是量子相变附近物理观测量的标度行为。e.零温度下的相变）以及热相变。
英文摘要：
The theory of the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), describes the generation of hadronic masses and the state of hadronic matter during the early stages of the evolution of the universe. As a complement, experiments with ultracold fermionic atoms provide a clean environment to benchmark our understanding of dynamical formation of condensates and the generation of bound states in strongly interacting many-body systems. Renormalization group (RG) techniques offer great potential for theoretical advances in both hot and dense QCD as well as many-body physics, but their connections have not yet been investigated in great detail. We aim to take a further step to bridge this gap. A cross-fertilization is indeed promising since it may eventually provide us with an ab-initio description of hadronization, condensation, and bound-state formation in strongly interacting theories. After giving a thorough introduction to the derivation and analysis of fermionic RG flows, we give an introductory review of our present understanding of universal long-range behavior in various different theories, ranging from non-relativistic many-body problems to relativistic gauge theories, with an emphasis on scaling behavior of physical observables close to quantum phase transitions (i. e. phase transitions at zero temperature) as well as thermal phase transitions.
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