剪切带在非均质颗粒材料中的反射和排除
Reflection and Exclusion of Shear Zones in Inhomogeneous Granular Materials
摘要：
对颗粒材料的剪切局部化进行了实验和数值研究。该系统由两个具有不同有效摩擦的材料层组成。材料界面的存在导致剪切带的一种特殊类型的“全内反射”。在大范围的配置中，反射的特征在于固定角，其类似于光学中折射的临界角。该区域在该临界角离开和重新进入高摩擦区域，并且在其间，其停留在低摩擦区域中的界面附近。描述剪切带几何形状的形式与折射和反射光束的形式非常相似。对于剪切定位的内部可视化，使用了两种独立的实验技术（i）挖掘和（ii）磁共振成像。
英文摘要：
Shear localization in granular materials is studied experimentally and numerically. The system consists of two material layers with different effective frictions. The presence of the material interface leads to a special type of "total internal reflection" of the shear zone. In a wide range of configurations the reflection is characterized by a fixed angle which is analogous to the critical angle of refraction in optics. The zone leaves and reenters the high friction region at this critical angle and in between it stays near the interface in the low friction region. The formalism describing the geometry of the shear zones and that of refracted and reflected light beams is very similar. For the internal visualization of shear localization two independent experimental techniques were used (i) excavation and (ii) Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
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