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arXiv 1108.1609cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.str-el
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双层石墨烯对称破缺绝缘态的输运光谱

Transport Spectroscopy of Symmetry-Broken Insulating States in Bilayer Graphene

J. Velasco, L. Jing, W. Bao, Y. Lee, P. Kratz, V. Aji, M. Bockrath, C. N. Lau, C. Varma, R. Stillwell, D. Smirnov, Fan Zhang, J. Jung, A. H. MacDonald

摘要:

双层石墨烯(BLG)中的平带对层之间的电场E \bot敏感,并放大了电子-电子相互作用效应,从而使BLG成为新的二维(2D)电子物理学的有吸引力的平台[1-5]。理论[6-16]已经提出了各种有趣的对称性破缺态的可能性,其中一些以自发质量间隙为特征,当电子密度处于载流子中性点(CNP)时。理论上提出的双层石墨烯中的间隙[6,7,10]类似于粒子物理学中对称性破坏产生的质量[17,18],并产生大的动量空间Berry曲率[8,19],伴随着自发的量子霍尔效应[7-9]。尽管最近的实验[20-23]提供了令人信服的证据,证明BLG中CNP附近存在强的电子相关性,但由于缺乏直接的光谱测量,很难确定间隙的存在。在这里,我们提出了运输测量在超净双栅BLG,使用源漏偏置作为光谱工具,以解决在CNP的间隙为2毫电子伏。间隙可以通过13 mV/nm的电场E \bot \sim闭合,但随着磁场B单调增加,在间隙上方具有明显的粒子-空穴不对称性,从而提供BLG中的基态的第一映射。

英文摘要:

The flat bands in bilayer graphene(BLG) are sensitive to electric fields E\bot directed between the layers, and magnify the electron-electron interaction effects, thus making BLG an attractive platform for new two-dimensional (2D) electron physics[1-5]. Theories[6-16] have suggested the possibility of a variety of interesting broken symmetry states, some characterized by spontaneous mass gaps, when the electron-density is at the carrier neutrality point (CNP). The theoretically proposed gaps[6,7,10] in bilayer graphene are analogous[17,18] to the masses generated by broken symmetries in particle physics and give rise to large momentum-space Berry curvatures[8,19] accompanied by spontaneous quantum Hall effects[7-9]. Though recent experiments[20-23] have provided convincing evidence of strong electronic correlations near the CNP in BLG, the presence of gaps is difficult to establish because of the lack of direct spectroscopic measurements. Here we present transport measurements in ultra-clean double-gated BLG, using source-drain bias as a spectroscopic tool to resolve a gap of ~2 meV at the CNP. The gap can be closed by an electric field E\bot \sim13 mV/nm but increases monotonically with a magnetic field B, with an apparent particle-hole asymmetry above the gap, thus providing the first mapping of the ground states in BLG.

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