Close-in, massive exoplanets raise significant tides in their stellar hosts. We compute the radial velocity (RV) signal due to this fluid motion in the equilibrium tide approximation. The predicted radial velocities in the observed sample of exoplanets exceed 1 m/s for 17 systems, with the largest predicted signal being ~30 m/s for WASP-18 b. Tidally-induced RV's are thus detectable with present methods. Both tidal fluid flow and the epicyclic motion of a slightly eccentric orbit produce an RV signal at twice the orbital frequency. If care is not taken, the tidally induced RV may, in some cases, be confused with a finite orbital eccentricity. Indeed, WASP-18 b is reported to have an eccentric orbit with small e=0.009 and pericenter longitude ω=-π/2. Whereas such a close alignment of the orbit and line of sight to the observer requires fine tuning, this phase in the RV signal is naturally explained by the tidal velocity signature of an e=0 orbit. Additionally, the equilibrium tide estimate for the amplitude is in rough agreement with the data. Thus the reported eccentricity for WASP-18 b is instead likely a signature of the tidally-induced RV in the stellar host. Measurement of both the orbital and tidal velocity for non-transiting planets may allow planet mass and inclination to be separately determined solely from radial velocity data. We suggest that high precision fitting of RV data should include the tidal velocity signal in those cases where it may affect the determination of orbital parameters.
Tracing the Influence of Distant companions on Exoplanetary Systems (TIDES) I. Highly Eccentric and Misaligned Binary Companions to Hot Jupiters
University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校);University of California, Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i(夏威夷大学天文研究所);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院)
Fossil field decay due to nonlinear tides in massive binaries
表面磁场已经在5%到10%的孤立的大质量恒星中被检测到,它们承载着外部辐射包层。它们通常被认为有化石起源,来自恒星形成阶段。然而,在短周期双星中,磁性大质量恒星是罕见的,正如BinaMIcS(Binarity and Magnetic Interaction in various classes of Stars)合作报告的那样。分子云中不同的物理条件产生了孤立的恒星和双星,这是经常被引用的。此外,我们提出,观测到的低磁场入射近双星可能是由于非线性潮汐。实际上,密近双星很可能倾向于潮汐不稳定,一种通过非线性效应在平衡潮汐流上增长的流体不稳定。然而,分层效应迄今在很大程度上被忽视。本文从理论和数值两方面研究了磁场作用下快速旋转、稳定分层流体中的潮汐不稳定性。我们使用短波长的稳定性方法,提出了一个全面的(本地)理论的潮汐不稳定性的线性发病,讨论阻尼效应。然后,我们提出了一个混合长度理论的混合所产生的潮汐不稳定的非线性制度。我们成功地评估了我们的理论预测对概念验证,直接数值模拟。最后,我们比较我们的预测与短周期,双线光谱双星系统的观察。使用新的分析结果,交叉验证的稳定性方程的直接集成,我们表明,潮汐不稳定性可以产生的非线性耦合的惯性重力波与平衡潮汐流在短周期大规模的二进制文件,甚至对焦耳扩散。在非线性区域,饱和潮流引起的湍流磁扩散可以耗散古磁场。我们预测,动荡的焦耳扩散的化石领域将发生在…
Small flow rate can supply inwardly migrating shortest-period planets
发现的周期短至一天或更短的系外行星的数量令人惊讶,因为这些行星预计会以如此快的速度迁移到恒星中,这是由于行星在如此近的距离内在恒星上引起的潮汐。我们不太可能在行星生命的最后一小部分找到它们。最受欢迎的解决方案是,潮汐耗散比预期的要弱得多,这意味着最终的陨石坠落将是行星生命的一个更大的部分。我们没有理由排除这样一种解释,即少数行星不断地向内迁移,这些行星确实处于生命的最后阶段。在观察到中等行星的分布不利于潮汐耗散的显著弱于从双星观测中发现的情况之后,我们现在表明,在这样一个多余的行星向内迁移的“流”中,行星的数量足够低,甚至三天堆积的耗尽也是一个合理的来源。那么最短周期的出现分布将由行星不断被送入恒星形成,这可以解释开普勒场相对于太阳邻域的堆积的耗尽(Howard et al. 2012,下文简称H12)。由于开普勒在银道面上方进行观测,H12认为开普勒场可能包含了更古老的恒星群。恒星中由于巨行星引起的潮汐耗散强度可能并不比双星中弱多少。
Wide binaries without viable bound Newtonian orbits
INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所,阿切尔菲天文台);Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(马克斯·普朗克地外物理学研究所);ESO(欧洲南方天文台);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze(佛罗伦萨大学物理与天文学系);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli studi di Padova(帕多瓦大学物理与天文学系);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所,帕多瓦天文台);Landessternwarte Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学州立天文台天文学中心);Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology(斯威本科技大学天体物理与超算中心);Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte(北里奥格兰德联邦大学物理系);Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile(智利天主教大学天体物理研究所)
Constraining stellar and orbital co-evolution through ensemble seismology of solar-like oscillators in binary systems -- A census of oscillating red-giants and main-sequence stars in Gaia DR3 binaries