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arXiv 1107.6005astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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恒星系外行星潮的径向速度特征

The Radial Velocity Signature of Tides Raised in Stars Hosting Exoplanets

Phil Arras, Joshua Burkart, Eliot Quataert, Nevin N. Weinberg

摘要:

近距离的大质量系外行星在其恒星宿主中引发了显著的潮汐。我们计算径向速度(RV)信号,由于这种流体运动的平衡潮汐近似。在观测到的系外行星样本中,有17个系统的预测径向速度超过1 m/s,WASP-18 b的最大预测信号约为30 m/s。因此,潮汐诱导的RV可用本方法检测。潮汐流体流动和稍微偏心的轨道的周转运动都产生两倍于轨道频率的RV信号。如果不小心,潮汐引起的RV在某些情况下可能会与有限的轨道偏心率混淆。事实上,WASP-18 b有一个偏心轨道,e=0.009,近心经度ω=-π/2。虽然轨道和观测者视线的这种紧密对准需要微调,但RV信号中的这一相位自然可以由e=0轨道的潮汐速度特征来解释。此外,对振幅的平衡潮汐估计与数据大致一致。因此,WASP-18 b的偏心率很可能是恒星宿主中潮汐诱导RV的特征。对非凌日行星的轨道速度和潮汐速度的测量可以使行星的质量和倾角单独从径向速度数据中确定。我们建议,RV数据的高精度拟合应包括潮汐速度信号,在这些情况下,它可能会影响轨道参数的确定。

英文摘要:

Close-in, massive exoplanets raise significant tides in their stellar hosts. We compute the radial velocity (RV) signal due to this fluid motion in the equilibrium tide approximation. The predicted radial velocities in the observed sample of exoplanets exceed 1 m/s for 17 systems, with the largest predicted signal being ~30 m/s for WASP-18 b. Tidally-induced RV's are thus detectable with present methods. Both tidal fluid flow and the epicyclic motion of a slightly eccentric orbit produce an RV signal at twice the orbital frequency. If care is not taken, the tidally induced RV may, in some cases, be confused with a finite orbital eccentricity. Indeed, WASP-18 b is reported to have an eccentric orbit with small e=0.009 and pericenter longitude ω=-π/2. Whereas such a close alignment of the orbit and line of sight to the observer requires fine tuning, this phase in the RV signal is naturally explained by the tidal velocity signature of an e=0 orbit. Additionally, the equilibrium tide estimate for the amplitude is in rough agreement with the data. Thus the reported eccentricity for WASP-18 b is instead likely a signature of the tidally-induced RV in the stellar host. Measurement of both the orbital and tidal velocity for non-transiting planets may allow planet mass and inclination to be separately determined solely from radial velocity data. We suggest that high precision fitting of RV data should include the tidal velocity signal in those cases where it may affect the determination of orbital parameters.

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