规范理论中的规范对称性破缺
Gauge symmetry breaking in gauge theories---In search of clarification
摘要：
本文从哲学的角度研究规范理论中规范对称性的自发破缺，考虑到自发破缺的局域规范对称性的概念，虽然广泛应用于Higgs机制的教科书论述，但并没有得到我们的规范量子理论的主要理论框架的支持。在格点规范理论的背景下，局部规范对称性不能自发破缺的陈述甚至可以用埃利楚尔定理的形式变得严格。然而，规范量子场论中确实发生了规范对称性破缺，其形式是原始定域规范群的剩余子群破缺，在这种情况下，理论在规范固定后通常保持不变。本文讨论了对称性破缺与相变的关系，并得出了一些更一般的结论，为规范对称性及其破缺的哲学解释提供了依据。
英文摘要：
The paper investigates the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetries in gauge theories from a philosophical angle, taking into account the fact that the notion of a spontaneously broken local gauge symmetry, though widely employed in textbook expositions of the Higgs mechanism, is not supported by our leading theoretical frameworks of gauge quantum theories. In the context of lattice gauge theory, the statement that local gauge symmetry cannot be spontaneously broken can even be made rigorous in the form of Elitzur's theorem. Nevertheless, gauge symmetry breaking does occur in gauge quantum field theories in the form of the breaking of remnant subgroups of the original local gauge group under which the theories typically remain invariant after gauge fixing. The paper discusses the relation between these instances of symmetry breaking and phase transitions and draws some more general conclusions for the philosophical interpretation of gauge symmetries and their breaking.
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