原行星盘的化学演化
Chemical evolution of a protoplanetary disk
摘要：
本文综述了原行星盘化学演化研究的最新进展。目前的观测限制和理论建模的气体和尘埃的化学成分在这些系统中。在这些盘的温度，密度，高能辐射强度的强烈变化，径向和垂直，导致在一个特殊的磁盘化学结构，其中各种过程是活跃的。在热、稀和严重辐照的大气中，只有最稳定的简单自由基、原子和原子离子存在，它们是通过气相过程形成的。在大气层之下，有一个部分被紫外线屏蔽的温暖分子层，高能辐射在气相和尘埃表面驱动丰富的离子-分子和自由基-自由基化学。在一个寒冷、致密、黑暗的圆盘中面，许多分子被冻结，形成厚厚的冰幔，表面化学活跃，合成复杂的多原子（有机）物种。动态过程影响磁盘的化学组成，通过丰富的复杂物种产生的缓慢的表面过程，这将成为检测ALMA。
英文摘要：
In this paper we review recent progress in our understanding of the chemical evolution of protoplanetary disks. Current observational constraints and theoretical modeling on the chemical composition of gas and dust in these systems are presented. Strong variations of temperature, density, high-energy radiation intensities in these disks, both radially and vertically, result in a peculiar disk chemical structure, where a variety of processes are active. In hot, dilute and heavily irradiated atmosphere only the most photostable simple radicals and atoms and atomic ions exist, formed by gas-phase processes. Beneath the atmosphere a partly UV-shielded, warm molecular layer is located, where high-energy radiation drives rich ion-molecule and radical-radical chemistry, both in the gas phase and on dust surfaces. In a cold, dense, dark disk midplane many molecules are frozen out, forming thick icy mantles where surface chemistry is active and where complex polyatomic (organic) species are synthesized. Dynamical processes affect disk chemical composition by enriching it in abundances of complex species produced via slow surface processes, which will become detectable with ALMA.
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