从词的诞生到词的消亡，词汇使用波动的统计规律
Statistical Laws Governing Fluctuations in Word Use from Word Birth to Word Death
摘要：
我们分析了1800- 2008年间英语、西班牙语和希伯来语中记录的10^7个单词的动态特性，以深入了解语言和文化的共同进化。我们报告语言独立的模式有用的基准语言进化的理论模型。一个显着减少（增加）的趋势，在出生（死亡）率的话表明最近的转变，在选择法律的文字使用。对于新词，我们观察到的增长率波动峰值约40年后引入，符合标准词典的典型输入时间和人类世代的时间尺度。战争期间语言动态的显著变化表明，跨时间和词与词之间的词相关性在很大程度上受到共同进化的社会、技术和政治因素的影响。我们量化的文化记忆，通过分析长期的相关性，在使用个别的话，使用去趋势波动分析。
英文摘要：
We analyze the dynamic properties of 10^7 words recorded in English, Spanish and Hebrew over the period 1800--2008 in order to gain insight into the coevolution of language and culture. We report language independent patterns useful as benchmarks for theoretical models of language evolution. A significantly decreasing (increasing) trend in the birth (death) rate of words indicates a recent shift in the selection laws governing word use. For new words, we observe a peak in the growth-rate fluctuations around 40 years after introduction, consistent with the typical entry time into standard dictionaries and the human generational timescale. Pronounced changes in the dynamics of language during periods of war shows that word correlations, occurring across time and between words, are largely influenced by coevolutionary social, technological, and political factors. We quantify cultural memory by analyzing the long-term correlations in the use of individual words using detrended fluctuation analysis.
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