The field-orientation dependent thermal conductivity of the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt$_3$ was measured down to very low temperatures and under magnetic fields throughout three distinct superconducting phases: A, B, and C phases. In the C phase, a striking twofold oscillation of the thermal conductivity within the basal plane is resolved reflecting the superconducting gap structure with a line of node along the a axis. Moreover, we find an abrupt vanishing of the oscillation across a transition to the B phase, as a clear indication of a change of gap symmetries. We also identify extra two line nodes below and above the equator in both B and C phases. From these results together with the symmetry consideration, the gap function of UPt$_3$ is conclusively determined as a $E_{1u}$ representation characterized by a combination of two line nodes at the tropics and point nodes at the poles.
Discovery of a nonsymmorphic superconductor with spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking and nontrivial zero modes
Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院物理研究所);School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学物理科学学院);National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家纳米科学中心);School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology(北京理工大学物理学院)
Identification of nematic superconductivity from the upper critical field
最近的核磁共振和比热测量同时提供了掺杂拓扑绝缘体Cu $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$超导态旋转对称性自发破缺的证据。这表明配对对称性对应于$D_{3d}$晶体点群的二维表示,并且Cu $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$是超导体。本文在Ginzburg-Landau(GL)理论框架下对超导体的上临界场$H_{c2}$进行了全面的研究。与典型的GL理论相反,GL理论具有涌现的U(1)旋转对称性,掩盖了晶体的离散对称性,三角晶体中的双组分超导体理论反映了真正的$D_{3d}$晶体对称性。这对上临界场有直接的影响。首先,三角超导体的$H_{c2}$在基面上表现出六重各向异性。第二,当两个分量的简并度被提升时,例如,在单轴应变下,$H_{c2}$表现出具有特征角度和温度依赖性的双重各向异性。我们的深入研究表明,上临界场的测量是一种直接检测超导性的方法,它直接适用于最近发现的三角超导体Cu $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$,Sr $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$,Nb $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$,和Tl $_x$ Bi $_2$ Se $_3$。
Charge transport through spin-polarized tunnel junction between two spin-split superconductors
研究了自旋极化隧穿势垒连接的两个自旋分裂超导体之间的结的输运性质。超导体(S)中的自旋分裂场是由相邻的具有任意磁化强度的铁磁绝缘层(FI)引起的。本研究的目的是双重的:一方面,我们提出了一个基于准经典格林函数的理论框架来计算通过结的约瑟夫森和准粒子电流,我们的理论预测了隧道微分电导$dI/dV$的定性新结果,当两个超导体的自旋分裂场是非共线的。我们还讨论了如何基于FI/S结可以用来实现具有恒定的几何相移的电流相位关系的反常约瑟夫森结。因此,它们可以在S电极之间没有相位差的情况下表现出自发的三重态超电流。另一方面,我们显示的EuS/Al/Al $_2$ O $_3$ /EuS/Al结的平面隧道光谱的结果,并使用我们的理论模型再现所获得的$dI/dV$曲线。理论和实验之间的比较揭示了有关的结的本征参数,如超导序参量的大小,自旋分裂字段和自旋弛豫,以及有关的两个EuS膜的属性,作为它们的形态,畴结构和磁各向异性的信息。