系留蒙特卡罗：用亥姆霍兹势形式主义管理崎岖的自由能景观
Tethered Monte Carlo: Managing rugged free-energy landscapes with a Helmholtz-potential formalism
摘要：
系留方法使我们能够执行蒙特卡罗模拟与守恒量的合奏。具体来说，一个耦合水库的物理量的利益，并研究统计合奏的总幅度（系统+水库）是保守的。水库实际上是集成了，这给我们留下了一个波动耗散形式主义，使我们能够恢复适当的亥姆霍兹有效潜力与高精度。这些方法显示出了极大的灵活性。事实上，我们说明了两个非常不同的应用：硬球结晶和相变的稀释反铁磁体在一个领域（物理实现的随机场伊辛模型）。系留方法有望将波纹自由能景观的卡通画转化为真实的计算。此外，它减少了算法的动态慢下来，可能是因为守恒定律持有非局部。
英文摘要：
Tethering methods allow us to perform Monte Carlo simulations in ensembles with conserved quantities. Specifically, one couples a reservoir to the physical magnitude of interest, and studies the statistical ensemble where the total magnitude (system+reservoir) is conserved. The reservoir is actually integrated out, which leaves us with a fluctuation-dissipation formalism that allows us to recover the appropriate Helmholtz effective potential with great accuracy. These methods are demonstrating a remarkable flexibility. In fact, we illustrate two very different applications: hard spheres crystallization and the phase transition of the diluted antiferromagnet in a field (the physical realization of the random field Ising model). The tethered approach holds the promise to transform cartoon drawings of corrugated free-energy landscapes into real computations. Besides, it reduces the algorithmic dynamic slowing-down, probably because the conservation law holds non-locally.
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