带电粒子和中性粒子极化二维系统中新型波形成的量子流体力学方法
A quantum hydrodynamics approach to the formation of new types of waves in polarized two-dimension systems of charged and neutral particles
摘要：
本文阐述了一种研究极化粒子系统量子演化的量子流体力学方法。虽然我们主要关注的是二维物理系统，该方法也适用于三维和一维系统。所提出的方法是基于薛定谔方程。从多粒子微观薛定谔方程出发，导出了带电粒子和中性粒子的QHD基本方程。考虑了粒子具有电偶极矩的事实。用显式QHD方法研究了各种物理系统的色散特性。我们分析了二维离子和空穴气体在与气体平面正交的外部电场中的波的色散。研究了中性极化粒子系统中一维、二维和三维情况下的元激发。中性粒子和带电粒子系统中的极化动力学被证明是导致形成一种新型的波以及已知波的色散特性的变化。我们还分析了二维激子系统、二维电子-离子等离子体和二维电子-空穴等离子体中的波色散。研究了中性粒子在电火花加工三维系统中利用电子束和中性极化粒子产生波的问题。
英文摘要：
In this paper we explicate a method of quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) for the study of the quantum evolution of a system of polarized particles. Though we focused primarily on the two-dimension physical systems, the method is valid for three-dimension and one-dimension systems too. The presented method is based upon the Schrödinger equation. Fundamental QHD equations for charged and neutral particles were derived from the many-particle microscopic Schrödinger equation. The fact that particles possess the electric dipole moment (EDM) was taken into account. The explicated QHD approach was used to study dispersion characteristics of various physical systems. We analyzed dispersion of waves in a two-dimension (2D) ion and hole gas placed into an external electric field which is orthogonal to the gas plane. Elementary excitations in a system of neutral polarized particles were studied for 1D, 2D and 3D cases. The polarization dynamics in systems of both neutral and charged particles is shown to cause formation of a new type of waves as well as changes in the dispersion characteristics of already known waves. We also analyzed wave dispersion in 2D exciton systems, in 2D electron-ion plasma and 2D electron-hole plasma. Generation of waves in 3D system neutral particles with EDM by means of the beam of electrons and neutral polarized particles is investigated.
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