Instrumentation2：其他仪器，鬼/卫星束流监测，晕，发射度，新发展
Instrumentation2: Other instruments, ghost/satellite bunch monitoring, halo, emittance, new developments
摘要：
为了估算LHC的绝对亮度，必须非常精确地测量某些束流参数。特别是总束流和环周围的电荷的相对分布，在相互作用点处的束的横向尺寸和在相互作用点处的束的相对位置。由于检测器的多功能性，实验本身可以非常准确地测量其中的几个参数，但其他参数需要使用安装在机器上的监视器进行测量。射束仪器通常是为了帮助操作团队设置和优化射束而建造的，通常这只需要精确的相对测量，因此绝对刻度通常不是非常精确的校准。光度校准需要将几台机器侧仪器推到其初始范围之外。
英文摘要：
In order to estimate in absolute terms the luminosity of LHC certain beam parameters have to be measured very accurately. In particular the total beam current and the relative distribution of the charges around the ring, the transverse size of the beams at the interaction points and the relative position of the beams at the interaction point. The experiments can themselves measure several of these parameters very accurately thanks to the versatility of their detectors, other parameters need however to be measured using the monitors installed on the machine. The beam instrumentation is usually built for the purpose of aiding the operation team in setting up and optimizing the beams, often this only requires precise relative measurements and therefore the absolute scale is usually not very precisely calibrated. The luminosity calibration requires several machine-side instruments to be pushed beyond their initial scope.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
