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arXiv 1107.0842astro-ph.SR
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Mira大气分子层的不均匀性

Inhomogeneities in molecular layers of Mira atmospheres

M. Wittkowski, D. A. Boboltz, M. Ireland, I. Karovicova, K. Ohnaka, M. Scholz, F. van Wyk, P. Whitelock, P. R. Wood, A. A. Zijlstra

摘要:

我们获得了K波段光谱干涉观测Miras R Cnc,X Hya,W Vel和RW Vel的光谱分辨率为1500使用VLTI/琥珀仪器。我们在SAAO的Mk II仪器上获得了JHKL的同步测光结果。我们的源具有波长依赖的可见度值,这与S Ori早期的低分辨率AMBER观测和基于自激脉动模型的动态模型大气系列的预测一致。波长依赖的UD直径在2.25 μ m处的近连续带通附近显示出最小值。它们在2.0 μ m处向H2O带增加高达30%,在CO带头处增加高达70%。动力学模式的大气序列表现出一致的波长依赖性,其参数,如视觉相位,有效温度和距离是一致的独立估计。闭合相位具有显著的波长依赖性非零值,指示偏离点对称。例如,R Cnc闭合相在2.0 μ m H2O带中为110度,对应于例如在约4质量的分离下贡献总通量的3%的附加未分辨斑点。我们的观测结果与最新的基于自激脉动模型的动力学模式大气系列的预测是一致的。波长依赖的半径变化被解释为分子层的效果。依赖于波长的闭合相位值表示在所有波长处偏离点对称,因此扩展大气层存在复杂的非球形分层。特别是,从点对称的显着偏差在H2O带被解释为在水蒸气层的大尺度的不均匀性或团块的签名。观测到的不均匀性可能是由扩展大气中的脉动和激波引起的混沌运动引起的。

英文摘要:

We obtained K-band spectro-interferometric observations of the Miras R Cnc, X Hya, W Vel, and RW Vel with a spectral resolution of 1500 using the VLTI/AMBER instrument. We obtained concurrent JHKL photometry using the the Mk II instrument at the SAAO. Our sources have wavelength-dependent visibility values that are consistent with earlier low-resolution AMBER observations of S Ori and with the predictions of dynamic model atmosphere series based on self-excited pulsation models. The wavelength-dependent UD diameters show a minimum near the near-continuum bandpass at 2.25 um. They increase by up to 30% toward the H2O band at 2.0 um and by up to 70% at the CO bandheads. The dynamic model atmosphere series show a consistent wavelength-dependence, and their parameters such as the visual phase, effective temperature, and distances are consistent with independent estimates. The closure phases have significantly wavelength-dependent non-zero values indicating deviations from point symmetry. For example, the R Cnc closure phase is 110 degr in the 2.0 um H2O band, corresponding for instance to an additional unresolved spot contributing 3% of the total flux at a separation of ~4 mas. Our observations are consistent with the predictions of the latest dynamic model atmosphere series based on self-excited pulsation models. The wavelength-dependent radius variations are interpreted as the effect of molecular layers. The wavelength-dependent closure phase values are indicative of deviations from point symmetry at all wavelengths, thus a complex non-spherical stratification of the extended atmosphere. In particular, the significant deviation from point symmetry in the H2O band is interpreted as a signature on large scales of inhomogeneities or clumps in the water vapor layer. The observed inhomogeneities might be caused by pulsation- and shock-induced chaotic motion in the extended atmosphere.

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