In this paper we study some aspects of search for an immobile target by a swarm of N non-communicating, randomly moving searchers (numbered by the index k, k = 1, 2,..., N), which all start their random motion simultaneously at the same point in space. For each realization of the search process, we record the unordered set of time moments \{τ_k\}, where τ_k is the time of the first passage of the k-th searcher to the location of the target. Clearly, τ_k's are independent, identically distributed random variables with the same distribution function Ψ(τ). We evaluate then the distribution P(ω) of the random variable ω\sim τ_1/barτ, where barτ = N^{-1} \sum_{k=1}^N τ_k is the ensemble-averaged realization-dependent first passage time. We show that P(ω) exhibits quite a non-trivial and sometimes a counterintuitive behaviour. We demonstrate that in some well-studied cases e.g., Brownian motion in finite d-dimensional domains) the \textit{mean} first passage time is not a robust measure of the search efficiency, despite the fact that Ψ(τ) has moments of arbitrary order. This implies, in particular, that even in this simplest case (not saying about complex systems and/or anomalous diffusion) first passage data extracted from a single particle tracking should be regarded with an appropriate caution because of the significant sample-to-sample fluctuations.
Rank-dependent optimal resetting in multiparticle search
The Raymond and Beverley School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学雷蒙德和贝弗利化学学院);The Raymond and Beverley School of Physics & Astronomy, Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学雷蒙德和贝弗利物理与天文学院)
Persistent search in confined domains: a velocity-jump process model
我们分析了有界区域上持续搜索单个目标的速度跳跃过程模型。弹道导弹沿着弹道轨迹前进,并在与目标边界碰撞时被吸收。当到达域边界时,微处理器为其新轨迹选择随机方向。对于圆形域和目标,我们可以使用搜索过程的马尔可夫链近似来近似平均首次通过时间(MFPT)。我们的分析和数值模拟表明,找到目标的时间减少目标更接近域边界。当区域内方向切换概率较小时,发现目标的时间随转向概率的增加而略有减少。我们还扩展了我们的退出时间分析的情况下,分区域,其中有一个单一的目标在多个不相交的子域之一。给定域之间的平均过渡时间$\langle T \rangle$,我们发现,最小化找到目标的时间的最佳过渡率服从$β_{\rm min} \propto 1/ \sqrt{\langle T \rangle}$。
First order transition for the optimal search time of Lévy flights with resetting
我们研究分析一个间歇性的搜索过程中的一个维度。在原点有一个不动的目标,一个目标经历一个从$x_0\geq0$开始的离散时间跳跃过程,其中连续跳跃独立于任意跳跃分布$f(η)$绘制。此外,以概率$0\leq r \leq1$,将该指针的位置重置到其初始位置$x_0$。搜索策略的效率由找到目标的平均时间来表征,即,到原点的平均首次通过时间(MFPT)。对于任意的跳跃分布$f(η)$、初始位置$x_0$和复位概率$r$,我们解析地计算了MFPT.对于由Lévy指标$0<μ< 2$刻画的重尾Lévy稳定跳跃分布,我们证明了对于任何给定的$x_0$,MFPT在$(μ,r)$平面上的全局极小值位于$(μ^*(x_0),r^*(x_0))$ .我们发现一个显着的一阶相变$x_0$跨越一个临界值$x_0^*$在最佳参数的变化不连续。我们的分析结果与数值模拟吻合得很好。
The Institute of Mathematical Sciences(数学科学研究所);Homi Bhabha National Institute(霍米·巴巴国立研究所);Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques (LPTMS), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universite Paris-Saclay(理论与统计物理实验室(LPTMS),法国国家科学研究中心,巴黎第十一大学,巴黎萨克雷大学)
Rare Events and Redundancy in Random Walkers Target Search in a Finite Domain
Università degli Studi di Parma(帕尔马大学);INFN, Gruppo Collegato di Parma(意大利国家核物理研究所帕尔马协作组);Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica ed il Magnetismo (IMEM-CNR)(电子与磁性材料研究所(IMEM-CNR))
Stochastic Resetting Accelerates Reinforcement Learning Beyond Random Search
Biophysics Program, Stanford University(斯坦福大学生物物理项目);School of Physics, University of Sydney(悉尼大学物理学院);National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, Northwestern University(生物理论与数学国家研究所,西北大学);The University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);Princeton-CUNY Center for the Physics of Biological Function, The Graduate Center, CUNY(普林斯顿-纽约大学生物物理功能中心,纽约大学研究生中心)