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arXiv 1106.4182cond-mat.stat-mechmath.PRq-bio.PE
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一群独立随机搜索者搜索的第一通道

First passages for a search by a swarm of independent random searchers

C. Mejia-Monasterio, G. Oshanin, G. Schehr

摘要:

本文研究了由N个非通信的随机移动搜索者(用索引k编号,k = 1,2,…,N),它们都在空间的同一点同时开始随机运动。对于搜索过程的每个实现,我们记录无序的时刻集合\{τ_k\},其中τ_k是第k个目标第一次到达目标位置的时间。显然,τ_k是具有相同分布函数τ(τ)的独立同分布随机变量。然后我们计算随机变量ω \sim τ_1/bar τ的分布P(ω),其中bar τ = N ^{-1} \sum_{k=1}^N τ_k是系综平均的依赖于实现的首次通过时间。我们表明,P(ω)表现出相当不平凡的,有时是一个违反直觉的行为。我们证明,在一些研究充分的情况下,例如,有限d维域中的布朗运动)的\textit{mean}第一通过时间不是搜索效率的鲁棒度量,尽管事实上τ(τ)具有任意阶矩。这意味着,特别是,即使在这种最简单的情况下(不说复杂系统和/或异常扩散),由于样品间的显著波动,从单粒子跟踪中提取的第一次通过数据也应该适当谨慎对待。

英文摘要:

In this paper we study some aspects of search for an immobile target by a swarm of N non-communicating, randomly moving searchers (numbered by the index k, k = 1, 2,..., N), which all start their random motion simultaneously at the same point in space. For each realization of the search process, we record the unordered set of time moments \{τ_k\}, where τ_k is the time of the first passage of the k-th searcher to the location of the target. Clearly, τ_k's are independent, identically distributed random variables with the same distribution function Ψ(τ). We evaluate then the distribution P(ω) of the random variable ω\sim τ_1/barτ, where barτ = N^{-1} \sum_{k=1}^N τ_k is the ensemble-averaged realization-dependent first passage time. We show that P(ω) exhibits quite a non-trivial and sometimes a counterintuitive behaviour. We demonstrate that in some well-studied cases e.g., Brownian motion in finite d-dimensional domains) the \textit{mean} first passage time is not a robust measure of the search efficiency, despite the fact that Ψ(τ) has moments of arbitrary order. This implies, in particular, that even in this simplest case (not saying about complex systems and/or anomalous diffusion) first passage data extracted from a single particle tracking should be regarded with an appropriate caution because of the significant sample-to-sample fluctuations.

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