用浓表面活性剂溶液在板涂层中的动态增稠转变
Dynamical thickening transition in plate coating with concentrated surfactant solutions
摘要：
我们提出了一个大范围的实验数据，表面活性剂对著名的Landau-Levich-Derjaguin实验的影响，在该实验中，通过将固体板从浴中拉出而产生液体膜。测量了不同种类的表面活性剂和不同浓度的膜的厚度h作为牵引速度V的函数。测量增稠因子$α=h/h_{LLD}$，其中hLLD是针对纯液体获得的，在宽范围的毛细管（$Ca=ηV/γ$）中，可以确定两种恒定增稠的状态：在小毛细管数下，由于限制和表面弹性（或Marangoni）效应，$α$大，并且在大Ca下，由于表面粘性效应，$α$略高于1。在中间Ca，$α$随着Ca沿“动态转变”增加而减少。在非离子型表面活性剂的情况下，动态转变发生在固定的Ca，独立的表面活性剂的浓度，而对于离子型表面活性剂，由于静电势垒的存在，动态转变取决于浓度。控制的物理化学参数，使我们能够阐明的动态过渡的性质，并将其与表面流变学。
英文摘要：
We present a large range of experimental data concerning the influence of surfactants on the well-known Landau-Levich-Derjaguin experiment where a liquid film is generated by pulling a solid plate out of a bath. The thickness h of the film was measured as a function of the pulling velocity V for different kind of surfactant and at various concentrations. Measuring the thickening factor $α=h/h_{LLD}$, where hLLD is obtained for a pure liquid, in a wide range of capillary ($Ca=ηV/γ$), two regimes of constant thickening can be identified: at small capillary number, $α$ is large due to a confinement and surface elasticity (or Marangoni) effects and at large Ca, $α$ is slightly higher than unity, due to surface viscous effects. At intermediate Ca, $α$ decreases as Ca increases along a "dynamic transition". In the case of non-ionic surfactants, the dynamic transition occurs at a fixed Ca, independently of the surfactant concentration, while for ionic surfactants, the dynamic transition depends on the concentration due to the existence of an electrostatic barrier. The control of physico-chemical parameters allowed us to elucidate the nature of the dynamic transition and to relate it to surface rheology.
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