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arXiv 1106.0065astro-ph.CO
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矮星系重力修正试验

Tests of Modified Gravity with Dwarf Galaxies

Bhuvnesh Jain, Jake Vanderplas

摘要:

在试图解释宇宙加速的修正引力理论中,低密度环境中的矮星系可能会受到增强的力。标量张量理论,包括f(R)引力,预测了这样的力增强(像银河系这样的大质量星系可以通过屏蔽机制来避免它,保护星系内部免受这种“第五”力的影响)。我们研究了晚型矮星系在引力作用下运动的盘中可观测到的GR偏差。第五种力作用于暗物质和HI气体盘,但由于主序星的自屏蔽作用,第五种力不作用于恒星盘。我们发现四个不同的可观察到的影响,在这样的盘星系:1。恒星盘从HI盘的位移。2.恒星盘沿外力方向的翘曲。3.增强的旋转曲线测量HI气体相比,恒星盘。4.恒星盘自转曲线的不对称性。我们估计,空间效应可以达到1千秒差距和旋转速度的影响约10公里/秒的矮星系的下落。这些偏差是可测量的:我们期望,通过对附近矮星系样本的仔细分析,可以将引力理论的天体物理约束提高三个数量级以上,甚至可以将太阳系约束提高一个数量级。因此,按照Hui et al(2009)和Jain(2011)的建议,可以对低红移星系进行有效的引力测试,尽管必须小心理解天体物理效应可能带来的复杂性。

英文摘要:

In modified gravity theories that seek to explain cosmic acceleration, dwarf galaxies in low density environments can be subject to enhanced forces. The class of scalar-tensor theories, which includes f(R) gravity, predict such a force enhancement (massive galaxies like the Milky Way can evade it through a screening mechanism that protects the interior of the galaxy from this "fifth" force). We study observable deviations from GR in the disks of late-type dwarf galaxies moving under gravity. The fifth-force acts on the dark matter and HI gas disk, but not on the stellar disk owing to the self-screening of main sequence stars. We find four distinct observable effects in such disk galaxies: 1. A displacement of the stellar disk from the HI disk. 2. Warping of the stellar disk along the direction of the external force. 3. Enhancement of the rotation curve measured from the HI gas compared to that of the stellar disk. 4. Asymmetry in the rotation curve of the stellar disk. We estimate that the spatial effects can be up to 1 kpc and the rotation velocity effects about 10 km/s in infalling dwarf galaxies. Such deviations are measurable: we expect that with a careful analysis of a sample of nearby dwarf galaxies one can improve astrophysical constraints on gravity theories by over three orders of magnitude, and even solar system constraints by one order of magnitude. Thus effective tests of gravity along the lines suggested by Hui et al (2009) and Jain (2011) can be carried out with low-redshift galaxies, though care must be exercised in understanding possible complications from astrophysical effects.

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