暖稠密物质膨胀流中的液滴演化
Droplet evolution in expanding flow of warm dense matter
摘要：
我们提出了一个简单的，自洽的动力学模型的发展的液滴和蒸汽的混合物迅速，几乎等容加热后，在真空中膨胀膨胀。我们研究的两相流体在分子和流体动力学尺度之间的中间时间的演变，侧重于平衡和表面效应。我们使用范德华状态方程作为测试床来实现我们的模型，并研究劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室（LBNL）即将进行的第二次中和漂移压缩实验（NDCX-II）的现象学，该实验使用离子束进行目标加热。我们找到了液滴和膨胀气体之间的温度差的近似表达式，并通过数值计算进行检查。该公式为区分热膨胀区和非热膨胀区提供了一个有用的判据。在热化的情况下，液体部分增长的比例，我们估计分析，而在太快的膨胀的情况下，一个严格的限制液滴的蒸发。实验情况的范围进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
We propose a simple, self-consistent kinetic model for the evolution of a mixture of droplets and vapor expanding adiabatically in vacuum after rapid, almost isochoric heating. We study the evolution of the two-phase fluid at intermediate times between the molecular and the hydrodynamic scales, focusing on out-of-equilibrium and surface effects. We use the van der Waals equation of state as a test bed to implement our model and study the phenomenology of the upcoming second neutralized drift compression experiment (NDCX-II) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) that uses ion beams for target heating.We find an approximate expression for the temperature difference between the droplets and the expanding gas and we check it with numerical calculations. The formula provides a useful criterion to distinguish the thermalized and nonthermalized regimes of expansion. In the thermalized case, the liquid fraction grows in a proportion that we estimate analytically, whereas, in case of too rapid expansion, a strict limit for the evaporation of droplets is derived. The range of experimental situations is discussed.
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