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arXiv 1105.4065astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAphysics.ao-ph
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潮汐锁定系外行星的大气环流:II。双波段辐射转移与对流调整

Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: II. Dual-band radiative transfer and convective adjustment

Kevin Heng, Dargan M. W. Frierson, Peter J. Phillipps

摘要:

改进我们的纯动力学的工作,我们提出了三维模拟的大气环流的类地(外)行星和热彗星使用的GFDL-普林斯顿柔性建模系统(FMS)。作为离开Heng,Menou和Phillips(2011)的动力学基准的第一步,我们将双波段辐射转移和干对流调整方案添加到我们的计算设置中。我们对辐射转移的处理假设恒星辐射的峰值波长比系外行星重新发射辐射的波长短,并且与系外行星重新发射辐射的波长不同(“短波”与“长波”),并且还使用双流近似。对流是通过调整不稳定的直减率来模拟的。大气层的底部被一个具有有限热惯性的均匀平板所包围。对于我们的模型的热超导体,我们包括一个分析的形式主义计算的温度-压力分布,在辐射平衡,通过一个单一的参数,它占碰撞诱导吸收的影响。我们讨论我们的结果的背景下:预测的温度-压力分布和存在/不存在的逆温,可能的维护,通过大气环流,假定的高海拔,短波吸收预计产生这些逆温;热点与亚恒星点的角度/时间偏移,它的鲁棒性,我们的无知,高粘度,因此它的效用,在不同的热木星大气之间进行区分;和各种带状平均流量。我们的工作弥合了三维模拟之间的差距,这是纯粹的动力学和那些将多波段辐射转移,从而有助于建设所需的层次结构的三维理论模型。

英文摘要:

Improving upon our purely dynamical work, we present three-dimensional simulations of the atmospheric circulation on Earth-like (exo)planets and hot Jupiters using the GFDL-Princeton Flexible Modeling System (FMS). As the first steps away from the dynamical benchmarks of Heng, Menou & Phillipps (2011), we add dual-band radiative transfer and dry convective adjustment schemes to our computational setup. Our treatment of radiative transfer assumes stellar irradiation to peak at a wavelength shorter than and distinct from that at which the exoplanet re-emits radiation ("shortwave" versus "longwave"), and also uses a two-stream approximation. Convection is mimicked by adjusting unstable lapse rates to the dry adiabat. The bottom of the atmosphere is bounded by a uniform slab with a finite thermal inertia. For our models of hot Jupiters, we include an analytical formalism for calculating temperature-pressure profiles, in radiative equilibrium, which accounts for the effect of collision-induced absorption via a single parameter. We discuss our results within the context of: the predicted temperature-pressure profiles and the absence/presence of a temperature inversion; the possible maintenance, via atmospheric circulation, of the putative high-altitude, shortwave absorber expected to produce these inversions; the angular/temporal offset of the hot spot from the substellar point, its robustness to our ignorance of hyperviscosity and hence its utility in distinguishing between different hot Jovian atmospheres; and various zonal-mean flow quantities. Our work bridges the gap between three-dimensional simulations which are purely dynamical and those which incorporate multi-band radiative transfer, thus contributing to the construction of a required hierarchy of three-dimensional theoretical models.

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