CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
Anton M. Koekemoer, S. M. Faber, Henry C. Ferguson, Norman A. Grogin, Dale D. Kocevski, David C. Koo, Kamson Lai, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Elizabeth J. M… 展开作者
Anton M. Koekemoer, S. M. Faber, Henry C. Ferguson, Norman A. Grogin, Dale D. Kocevski, David C. Koo, Kamson Lai, Jennifer M. Lotz, Ray A. Lucas, Elizabeth J. McGrath, Sara Ogaz, Abhijith Rajan, Adam G. Riess, Steve A. Rodney, Louis Strolger, Stefano Casertano, Marco Castellano, Tomas Dahlen, Mark Dickinson, Timothy Dolch, Adriano Fontana, Mauro Giavalisco, Andrea Grazian, Yicheng Guo, Nimish P. Hathi, Kuang-Han Huang, Arjen van der Wel, Hao-Jing Yan, Viviana Acquaviva, David M. Alexander Omar Almaini, Matthew L. N. Ashby, Marco Barden, Eric F. Bell, Frédéric Bournaud, Thomas M. Brown, Karina I. Caputi, Paolo Cassata, Peter Challis, Ranga-Ram Chary, Edmond Cheung, Michele Cirasuolo, Christopher J. Conselice, Asantha Roshan Cooray, Darren J. Croton, Emanuele Daddi, Romeel Davé, Duilia F. de Mello, Loic de Ravel, Avishai Dekel, Jennifer L. Donley, James S. Dunlop, Aaron A. Dutton, David Elbaz, Giovanni G. Fazio, Alex V. Filippenko, Steven L. Finkelstein, Chris Frazer, Jonathan P. Gardner, Peter M. Garnavich, Eric Gawiser, Ruth Gruetzbauch, Will G. Hartley, Boris Häussler, Jessica Herrington, Philip F. Hopkins, Jia-Sheng Huang, Saurabh Jha, Andrew Johnson, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Ali Ahmad Khostovan, Robert P. Kirshner, Caterina Lani, Kyoung-Soo Lee, Weidong Li, Piero Madau, Patrick J. McCarthy, Daniel H. McIntosh, Ross J. McLure, Conor McPartland, Bahram Mobasher, Heidi Moreira, Alice Mortlock, Leonidas A. Moustakas, Mark Mozena, Kirpal Nandra, Jeffrey A. Newman, Jennifer L. Nielsen, Sami Niemi, Kai G. Noeske, Casey J. Papovich, Laura Pentericci, Alexandra Pope, Joel R. Primack, Swara Ravindranath, Naveen A. Reddy, Alvio Renzini, Hans-Walter Rix, Aday R. Robaina, David J. Rosario, Piero Rosati, Sara Salimbeni, Claudia Scarlata, Brian Siana, Luc Simard, Joseph Smidt, Diana Snyder, Rachel S. Somerville, Hyron Spinrad, Amber N. Straughn, Olivia Telford, Harry I. Teplitz, Jonathan R. Trump, Carlos Vargas, Carolin Villforth, Cory R. Wagner, Pat Wandro, Risa H. Wechsler, Benjamin J. Weiner, Tommy Wiklind, Vivienne Wild, Grant Wilson, Stijn Wuyts, Min S. Yun
This paper describes the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). This survey is designed to document the evolution of galaxies and black holes at $z\sim1.5-8$, and to study Type Ia SNe beyond $z>1.5$. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive multiwavelength observations. The primary CANDELS data consist of imaging obtained in the Wide Field Camera 3 / infrared channel (WFC3/IR) and UVIS channel, along with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The CANDELS/Deep survey covers \sim125 square arcminutes within GOODS-N and GOODS-S, while the remainder consists of the CANDELS/Wide survey, achieving a total of \sim800 square arcminutes across GOODS and three additional fields (EGS, COSMOS, and UDS). We summarize the observational aspects of the survey as motivated by the scientific goals and present a detailed description of the data reduction procedures and products from the survey. Our data reduction methods utilize the most up to date calibration files and image combination procedures. We have paid special attention to correcting a range of instrumental effects, including CTE degradation for ACS, removal of electronic bias-striping present in ACS data after SM4, and persistence effects and other artifacts in WFC3/IR. For each field, we release mosaics for individual epochs and eventual mosaics containing data from all epochs combined, to facilitate photometric variability studies and the deepest possible photometry. A more detailed overview of the science goals and observational design of the survey are presented in a companion paper.
The Spitzer-Cosmic Assembly Deep Near-Infrared Extragalactic Legacy Survey (S-CANDELS; PI G. Fazio) is a Cycle 8 Exploration Program designed to detect galaxies at very high redshifts (z > 5). To mitigate the effects of cosmic variance and also to take advantage of deep coextensive coverage in multiple bands by the Hubble Space Telescope Multi-Cycle Treasury Program CANDELS, S-CANDELS was carried out within five widely separated extragalactic fields: the UKIDSS Ultra-Deep Survey, the Extended Chandra Deep Field South, COSMOS, the HST Deep Field North, and the Extended Groth Strip. S-CANDELS bu…
We analyze morphologies of the host galaxies of 35 X-ray selected active galactic nucleus (AGNs) at $z\sim2$ in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 imaging taken from the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). We build a control sample of 350 galaxies in total, by selecting ten non-active galaxies drawn from the same field with the similar stellar mass and redshift for each AGN host. By performing two dimensional fitting with GALFIT on the surface brightness profile, we find that the distribution of S$è$rsic index (n) …
The diffuse extragalactic background light (EBL) is formed by ultraviolet (UV), optical, and infrared (IR) photons mainly produced by star formation processes over the history of the Universe, and contains essential information about galaxy evolution and cosmology. Here, we present a new determination of the evolving EBL spectral energy distribution using a novel approach purely based on galaxy data aiming to reduce current uncertainties on the higher redshifts and IR intensities. Our calculations use multiwavelength observations from the UV to the far-IR of a sample of approximately 150,000 g…
The remarkable HST datasets from the CANDELS, HUDF09, HUDF12, ERS, and BoRG/HIPPIES programs have allowed us to map out the evolution of the UV LF from z~10 to z~4. We have identified 5859, 3001, 857, 481, 217, and 6 galaxy candidates at z~4, z~5, z~6, z~7, z~8, and z~10, respectively from the ~1000 arcmin**2 area probed. The selection of z~4-8 galaxies over the five CANDELS fields allows us to assess the cosmic variance; the largest variations are apparent at z>=7. Our new LF determinations at z~4 and z~5 span a 6-mag baseline (-22.5 to -16 AB mag). These determinations agree well with previo…
The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) and Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) multi-cycle treasury programs with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have provided new opportunities to probe the rate of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) at high redshift, now extending to $z\approx2.5$. Here we use a sample of approximately 44 CCSNe to determine volumetric rates, $R_{CC}$, in six redshift bins in the range $0.1<z<2.5$. Together with rates from our previous HST program, and rates from the literature, we trace a more complete history of $R_{C…
We present redshift evolution of galaxy effective radius r_e obtained from the HST samples of ~190,000 galaxies at z=0-10. Our HST samples consist of 176,152 photo-z galaxies at z=0-6 from the 3D-HST+CANDELS catalogue and 10,454 LBGs at z=4-10 identified in CANDELS, HUDF09/12, and HFF parallel fields, providing the largest data set to date for galaxy size evolution studies. We derive r_e with the same technique over the wide-redshift range of z=0-10, evaluating the optical-to-UV morphological K-correction and the selection bias of photo-z galaxies+LBGs as well as the cosmological surface brigh…
We explore synergies between the space-based Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) and the ground-based Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). In particular, we consider a scenario where the currently envisioned survey strategy for WFIRST's High Latitude Survey (HLS), i.e., 2000 square degrees in four narrow photometric bands is altered in favor of a strategy that combines rapid coverage of the LSST area (to full LSST depth) in one band. We find that a 5-month WFIRST survey in the W-band can cover the full LSST survey area providing high-resolution imaging for >95% o…
Near-IR Weak-lensing (NIRWL) Measurements in the CANDELS Fields. II. Mass Mapping and Overdensity Characterization
IPAC, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院 IPAC）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI)（韩国天体宇宙科学研究所）；SPACE Institute, University of California（加州大学 SPACE 研究所）；Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学天文研究所）；Department of Physics, Duke University（杜克大学物理系）；Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University（延世大学天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校物理与天文学系）；Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学宇宙学与高能粒子物理中心）；Department of Physics, The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学物理系）；Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学天文学系）
We present COSMOS-Drift And SHift (DASH), a Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 imaging survey of the COSMOS field in the H_160 filter. The survey comprises 456 individual WFC3 pointings corresponding to an area of 0.49 deg^2 (0.66 deg^2 when including archival data) and reaches a 5 point-source limit of H_160 =25.1 (0".3 aperture). COSMOS-DASH is the widest HST/WFC3 imaging survey in H_160 filter, tripling the extragalactic survey area in the near-infrared at HST resolution. We make the reduced H_160 mosaic available to the community. We use this dataset to measure the sizes of 162 galaxies with log(…
Accurate weak lensing mass estimates of clusters are needed in order to calibrate mass proxies for the cosmological exploitation of galaxy cluster surveys. Such measurements require accurate knowledge of the redshift distribution of the weak lensing source galaxies. In this context, we investigate the accuracy of photometric redshifts (photo-$z$s) computed by the 3D-HST team for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey fields, which provide a relevant photometric reference data set for deep weak lensing studies. Through the comparison to spectroscopic redshifts and ph…
We present photometry and derived redshifts from up to eleven bandpasses for 9927 galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep field (UDF), covering an observed wavelength range from the near-ultraviolet (NUV) to the near-infrared (NIR) with Hubble Space Telescope observations. Our Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)/UV F225W, F275W, and F336W image mosaics from the ultra-violet UDF (UVUDF) imaging campaign are newly calibrated to correct for charge transfer inefficiency, and use new dark calibrations to minimize background gradients and pattern noise. Our NIR WFC3/IR image mosaics combine the imaging from the UD…
We present our analysis of the LyC emission and escape fraction of 111 spectroscopically verified galaxies with and without AGN from $2.26<z<4.3$. We extended our ERS sample from Smith et al. (2018; arXiv:1602.01555) with 64 galaxies in the GOODS North and South fields using WFC3/UVIS F225W, F275W, and F336W mosaics we independently drizzled using the HDUV, CANDELS, and UVUDF data. Among the 17 AGN from the 111 galaxies, one provided a LyC detection in F275W at $m_{AB}=23.19$ mag (S/N $\simeq$ 133) and $GALEX$ NUV at $m_{AB}=23.77$ mag (S/N $\simeq$ 13). We simultaneously fit $SDSS$ and $Chand…
We present two supernovae (SNe) discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), an HST multi-cycle treasury program. We classify both objects as Type Ia SNe and find redshifts of z = 1.80+-0.02 and 2.26 +0.02 -0.10, the latter of which is the highest redshift Type Ia SN yet seen. Using light curve fitting we determine luminosity distances and find that both objects are consistent with a standard Lambda-CDM cosmological model. These SNe were observed using the HST Wide Field Camera 3 infrared detector (WFC3-IR), w…
The IRAC mapping of the NMBS-II fields program is an imaging survey at 3.6 and 4.5$μ$m with the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC). The observations cover three Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Deep (CFHTLS-D) fields, including one also imaged by AEGIS, and two MUSYC fields. These are then combined with archival data from all previous programs into deep mosaics. The resulting imaging covers a combined area of about 3 $deg^2$, with at least $\sim$2 hr integration time for each field. In this work, we present our data reduction techniques and document the resulting coverage maps at…
SKYSURF IX -- The Cosmic Optical and Infrared Background from Integrated Galaxy Light Measurements
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), University of Western Australia（国际无线电天文研究中心，西澳大利亚大学）；School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University（地球与空间探索学院，亚利桑那州立大学）
The FourStar galaxy evolution survey (ZFOURGE) is a 45 night legacy program with the FourStar near-infrared camera on Magellan and one of the most sensitive surveys to date. ZFOURGE covers a total of $400\ \mathrm{arcmin}^2$ in cosmic fields CDFS, COSMOS and UDS, overlapping CANDELS. We present photometric catalogs comprising $>70,000$ galaxies, selected from ultradeep $K_s$-band detection images ($25.5-26.5$ AB mag, $5σ$, total), and $>80\%$ complete to $K_s<25.3-25.9$ AB. We use 5 near-IR medium-bandwidth filters ($J_1,J_2,J_3,H_s,H_l$) as well as broad-band $K_s$ at $1.05\ - 2.16\ μm$ to $2…
