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arXiv 1105.3280stat.MEmath.STstat.TH
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临床试验中期样本量调整的有效自适应设计

Efficient adaptive designs with mid-course sample size adjustment in clinical trials

Jay Bartroff, Tze Leung Lai

摘要:

自适应设计已被提出用于临床试验,其中干扰参数或感兴趣的替代方案是未知的或可能在试验前被错误指定。鉴于大多数以前的作品中的自适应设计和中期样本量重新估计集中在两个阶段或组序贯设计在正常情况下,我们认为在这里一个新的方法,涉及最多三个阶段,并在多参数指数家庭的一般框架。这种方法不仅保持了规定的第一类错误概率,而且还提供了一个简单但渐近有效的序贯检验,其有限样本性能,以预期的样本量和功效函数衡量,与动态规划确定的最优序贯设计相当,在简化的正态均值情况下,已知方差和预先指定的替代方案,并且优于现有的两阶段设计,也优于当备选或干扰参数未知或错误指定时的自适应组序贯设计。

英文摘要:

Adaptive designs have been proposed for clinical trials in which the nuisance parameters or alternative of interest are unknown or likely to be misspecified before the trial. Whereas most previous works on adaptive designs and mid-course sample size re-estimation have focused on two-stage or group sequential designs in the normal case, we consider here a new approach that involves at most three stages and is developed in the general framework of multiparameter exponential families. Not only does this approach maintain the prescribed type I error probability, but it also provides a simple but asymptotically efficient sequential test whose finite-sample performance, measured in terms of the expected sample size and power functions, is shown to be comparable to the optimal sequential design, determined by dynamic programming, in the simplified normal mean case with known variance and prespecified alternative, and superior to the existing two-stage designs and also to adaptive group sequential designs when the alternative or nuisance parameters are unknown or misspecified.

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