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arXiv 1105.2287astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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用径向速度技术探测冷矮星周围的行星

Detecting Planets around Very Cool Dwarfs at Near Infrared Wavelengths with the Radial Velocity Technique

Florian Rodler, Carlos del Burgo, Soeren Witte, Christiane Helling, Peter H. Hauschildt, Eduardo L. Martin, Carlos Alvarez

摘要:

上下文对非常冷的矮星,如晚期M-矮星和热L-矮星的径向速度监测已经成为一种很有前途的工具,可以用来寻找岩石行星,以及跟踪凌日巡天发现的矮星周围的行星候选者。这些恒星在可见光波段是暗淡的,因为它们的光谱通量分布在近红外(NIR)波长处达到峰值。为此,需要在该波长范围内测量径向速度。然而,在近红外中,只有极少数安装在大型望远镜上的中分辨率和高分辨率摄谱仪可用。在不久的将来,高分辨率的近红外光谱仪将建成,这将使我们能够通过径向速度监测来寻找冷M矮星和L矮星周围的岩石行星。方法.恒星大气合成模型的M-和L-矮星的温度分别为2200 K和1800 K,和地球的传输光谱范围从0.9到2.5 \mum的理论光谱。我们模拟了一系列的多普勒频移光谱观察到不同的分辨率和信噪比,以及不同的旋转加宽的矮星。对于不同的输入参数组合,我们恢复的径向速度通过互相关与高信噪比模板,并确定相关的不确定性。结果冷M矮星径向速度测量的最高精度是在Y波段1.0 \mum附近,而L矮星则是在J波段1.25 \mum附近。我们注意到,合成模型可能缺乏一些微弱的吸收功能或低估其丰度。相反,我们的估计中没有考虑到的一些仪器/校准方面会增加不确定性。

英文摘要:

Context. Radial velocity monitoring of very cool dwarfs such as late M- and hot L-dwarfs has become a promising tool to search for rocky planets as well as to follow-up planetary candidates around dwarfs found by transit surveys. These stars are faint at optical wavelengths, as their spectral flux distribution peaks at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. For this reason, it is desirable to measure the radial velocities in this wavelength regime. However, in the NIR there are only very few medium- and high-resolution spectrographs available which are mounted at large telescopes. In the near future, high-resolution spectrographs for the NIR will be built, which will allow us to search for rocky planets around cool M-dwarfs and L-dwarfs from radial velocities monitoring. Methods. Stellar atmosphere synthetic models for an M- and an L-dwarf with temperatures of 2200 K and 1800 K, respectively, and a theoretical spectrum of the Earth's transmission in the spectral range from 0.9 to 2.5 \mum are used. We simulate a series of Doppler-shifted spectra observed with different resolving powers and signal-to-noise ratios, and for different rotational broadenings of the dwarf. For different combinations of the input parameters we recover the radial velocity by means of cross-correlation with a high signal-to-noise ratio template and determine the associate uncertainties. Results. The highest precision in radial velocity measurements for the cool M-dwarf is found in the Y band around 1.0 \mum, while for the L-dwarf it is determined in the J band around 1.25 \mum. We note that synthetic models may lack of some faint absorption features or underestimate their abundances. Conversely, some instrumental/calibration aspects that are not taken into account in our estimations would rise the uncertainties.

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