限制反氢原子1000秒
Confinement of antihydrogen for 1000 seconds
摘要：
由一个粒子和一个反粒子组成的原子是不稳定的，通常存活不到一微秒。完全由反粒子组成的反氢被认为是稳定的，正是这种长寿为精确研究物质-反物质对称性带来了希望。我们最近证明了捕获反氢原子释放后，约束时间为172毫秒。一个关键的问题，为未来的研究是：多久可以反原子被困？在这里，我们报告了1000秒的反原子约束的观察，我们以前的结果扩展了近四个数量级。我们的计算表明，大多数被囚禁的反原子都能到达基态。此外，我们还报告了对捕获反氢能量分布的首次测量，再加上与模拟的详细比较，为系统研究捕获动力学提供了关键工具。这些进展开辟了一系列实验的可能性，包括CPT对称性的精确研究和冷却到重力效应可能变得明显的温度。
英文摘要：
Atoms made of a particle and an antiparticle are unstable, usually surviving less than a microsecond. Antihydrogen, made entirely of antiparticles, is believed to be stable, and it is this longevity that holds the promise of precision studies of matter-antimatter symmetry. We have recently demonstrated trapping of antihydrogen atoms by releasing them after a confinement time of 172 ms. A critical question for future studies is: how long can anti-atoms be trapped? Here we report the observation of anti-atom confinement for 1000 s, extending our earlier results by nearly four orders of magnitude. Our calculations indicate that most of the trapped anti-atoms reach the ground state. Further, we report the first measurement of the energy distribution of trapped antihydrogen which, coupled with detailed comparisons with simulations, provides a key tool for the systematic investigation of trapping dynamics. These advances open up a range of experimental possibilities, including precision studies of CPT symmetry and cooling to temperatures where gravitational effects could become apparent.
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