超冷反氢与导电壁的相互作用
Interaction of Ultracold Antihydrogen with a Conducting Wall
摘要：
研究了超冷反氢原子与导电表面的相互作用。我们的讨论集中在量子反射现象的物理机制。我们计算了反射几率随入射原子能量的变化。我们发现，对于基态的$\bar{H}$原子（$T< 10^{-5}$为K），反射几率为$R \simeq 1-k b$，其中$k$为原子的动量，$b = 2174.0$ a. u.是一个常数，仅由原子-壁相互作用的范德华-卡西米尔尾决定。我们表明，量子反射，抑制超冷原子与表面的直接接触，允许的可能性，限制和存储冷反氢原子。我们计算了作为反氢能量函数的禁闭寿命。我们发展了波导中的$\bar{H}$理论，并提出了它在基本测量中的应用。特别是用于测量反原子壁势长程分量的延迟修正。证明了$\bar{H}$在地球引力场作用下落到导电表面时，存在量子化的$\bar{H}$态.计算了超冷反原子$\bar{H}$在最低引力态下的寿命，得到了超冷反原子$τ=(Mg b/2\hbar)^{-1}\simeq 0.1$ s，其中$Mg$是作用在反原子上的引力。我们建议，测量这种寿命可能会提供一个新的测试反物质的引力特性。
英文摘要：
We investigate the interaction of ultracold antihydrogen with a conducting surface. Our discussion focuses on the physical regime where the phenomenon of quantum reflection manifests. We calculate the reflection probability as function of incident atom energy. We find that, for ground state $\bar{H}$ atoms (with $T< 10^{-5}$ K), the probability of reflection is $R \simeq 1-k b$, where $k$ is the momentum of the atom and $b = 2174.0$ a.u. is a constant determined solely by the van der Waals-Casimir tail of the atom-wall interaction. We show that quantum reflection, which suppresses the direct contact of ultra-cold atoms with the surface, allows for the possibility of confinement and storage of cold antihydrogen atoms. We calculate the life-time of confinement as a function of antihydrogen energy. We develop a theory of $\bar{H}$ in a wave-guide and propose its application to fundamental measurements. In particular, for measurement of retardation corrections in the long-range component of the antiatom - wall potential. We demonstrate, for $\bar{H}$ falling in the gravitational field of Earth onto a conducting surface, the existence of quantized $\bar{H}$ states. We calculate that the lifetime of ultracold $\bar{H}$ in its lowest gravitational state and obtain $τ=(Mg b/2\hbar)^{-1}\simeq 0.1$ s, where $Mg$ is a gravitational force acting on the antiatom. We propose that measurement of this lifetime may provide a new test for the gravitational properties of antimatter.
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