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arXiv 1104.3977cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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纳米继电器和纳米振荡器中瞬态电流的含时量子输运和幂律衰减

Time-dependent quantum transport and power-law decay of the transient current in a nano-relay and nano-oscillator

Eduardo C. Cuansing, Gengchiau Liang

摘要:

用含时非平衡格林函数研究了由两个线性链引线和一个含时引线间耦合组成的器件中的电子输运性质。我们推导出一个数值精确的粒子电流的表达式,并检查其特性,因为它演变的时间从瞬态制度的长期稳定状态制度。我们发现,就在开关后的电流最初超过预期的长期稳态值,振荡和衰减的幂律,并最终解决到一个稳态值与使用Landauer公式计算的值一致。幂律参数取决于所施加的偏置电压的值、耦合的强度和接通的速度。特别地,对于较低的偏置电压,振荡瞬态电流衰减的时间较长。此外,电流的幂律衰减性质表明等效串联电阻器-电感器-电容器电路,其中所有组件具有时间依赖性。这种动态电阻、电感和电容影响在包含动态开关的纳米电路中是普遍存在的。我们还研究了在纳米振荡器中的动态电流的特性,通过引入一个正弦调制的两个引线之间的耦合。我们发现,电流并不严格遵循正弦形式的耦合。特别是,最大电流不会在引线精确对准期间出现。相反,最大电流出现的时间取决于偏置电位、最近邻耦合和引线间耦合的值。

英文摘要:

Time-dependent nonequilibrium Green's functions are used to study electron transport properties in a device consisting of two linear chain leads and a time-dependent interleads coupling that is switched on non-adiabatically. We derive a numerically exact expression for the particle current and examine its characteristics as it evolves in time from the transient regime to the long-time steady-state regime. We find that just after switch-on the current initially overshoots the expected long-time steady-state value, oscillates and decays as a power law, and eventually settles to a steady-state value consistent with the value calculated using the Landauer formula. The power-law parameters depend on the values of the applied bias voltage, the strength of the couplings, and the speed of the switch-on. In particular, the oscillating transient current decays away longer for lower bias voltages. Furthermore, the power-law decay nature of the current suggests an equivalent series resistor-inductor-capacitor circuit wherein all of the components have time-dependent properties. Such dynamical resistive, inductive, and capacitive influences are generic in nano-circuites where dynamical switches are incorporated. We also examine the characteristics of the dynamical current in a nano-oscillator modeled by introducing a sinusoidally modulated interleads coupling between the two leads. We find that the current does not strictly follow the sinusoidal form of the coupling. In particular, the maximum current does not occur during times when the leads are exactly aligned. Instead, the times when the maximum current occurs depend on the values of the bias potential, nearest-neighbor coupling, and the interleads coupling.

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